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Subject: CCL:How can one calculate reaction rate constant?
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Hi Alexi

Alexei Khalizov wrote:

> Dear CCLers,
>
> I would like to calculate rate constant k for bimolecular reaction A + B -> AB. I have found transition state and proved that it really connects reagents and products (G98w, GAMESS). According to RRKM the simplest expression for calculation of rate constant k is
>
> k = (kB*T/h)(Q’’/Qa*Qb) exp(-Eo/RT),
>
> where kB is Boltzmann’s constant; Q’’, Qa and Qb are partition functions for TS and reagents A and B; Eo ? difference in zero point energies of TS and reagents.
>
> Question: what units and what measure does this rate constant k have? Simple evaluation gives units of [s-1], but being a bimolecular it is expected to have units of [M-1s-1], [cm3 molecules-1 s-1] or such. How can we account for this?
>
> Sincerely,
> Alexei Khalizov,
> Balakrishnan Viswanathan

Here is a very brief description.


The expression you are looking for (e.g. see any reliable physical chemistry text e.g. Atkins)
comes from Transition State Theory (TST) (sometimes called by the misleading name
Activated Complex Theory (ACT) or Absolute Rate Theory (ART)) can be formulated
in various units (e.g. as a molecular or as a molar rate constant). More specifically
you are looking at canonical TST (as opposed to microcanonical TST which is
essentially identical to RRKM theory).

The expression you have is not entirely standard though it  can still be correct in some
formulations if there are units absorbed into the "partition functions".  Strictly speaking
though, molecular partition functions are dimensionless (sums over Boltzmann weights),
though if one goes through a TST derivation one can see how a volume factor emerges
in the bimolecular case (in the calculation of the concentration of transition state
configurations).

For a bimolecular reaction, (excuse the awful notation, being careful with parentheses):

k = (kB*T/h) (RT/p0) NA ((Q'AB)/(QA*QB)) exp(-Eo/RT),

where
(kB*T/h) has units of inverse time (e.g. s-1)
(RT/p0)  has units of number density (n/V) (.e.g. cm-3) which can easily be converted
 to other concentration unit (be careful with units!).
NA is Avogadro's number.
The rest is dimensionless.
QA, QB = partition functions for the reactants
Q'AB = partition function for the transition state configuration A...B. (not a species!!!)
Note that  the degree of freedom which is the reaction coordinate is excluded in the
calculation of Q'AB. (See derivation for details, though hard to find a good one! Most
make an unecessarily strong (and incorrect) equilibrium assumption but still get the
right expression. Better derivations involve a calculation of the flux through
a dividing surface.

So the above expression has units of, e.g., s-1 mol-1 cm-3 or s-1 M-1 depending on
how the quantities are calculated (simple unit conversions).

A similar expression applies for unimolecular reactions:
k = (kB*T/h) (Q'/Q) exp(-Eo/RT),
and has units of inverse time.

Good luck with the application of these expressions (take care!!!)
Regards
Harry.

--
________________________________________________________________________
Dr. Harold W. Schranz,            Office Ph.:         +61 (02) 6249 5988
Computational Chemist,            Dept Ph.:           +61 (02) 6249 3437
ANU Supercomputer Facility,       Fax:                +61 (02) 6279 8199
Australian National University,   Email:       Harold.Schranz@anu.edu.au
Canberra, ACT 0200, AUSTRALIA.    WWW:   http://anusf.anu.edu.au/~hws900
________________________________________________________________________




From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Mon Feb 14 21:39:40 2000
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Subject: ANNC: Introductory Jaguar and MacroModel Wrokshops at Scripps
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Jaguar and MacroModel Introductory Workshops

Providing tools for scientists in industry, government, and academia
in the areas of life sciences, material sciences, and fundamental
research, Schrödinger, Inc. is hosting Jaguar and MacroModel
Introductory Workshops, to demonstrate to novice users how Jaguar and
MacroModel are used in real-world applications.

Where: The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
Dates: Maestro and MacroModel  Wednesday, March 1, 2000
       Jaguar                  Thursday,  March 2, 2000

Lecture topics will include: 
     Applications to drug discovery 
     Applications to materials research 
     Helpful hints and "tricks-of-the trade" to enhance productivity 
     New features in Jaguar 4.0 and MacroModel 7.0 
     New unified graphical interface 

If you have any questions or comments, please see our website at
http://www.schrodinger.com or contact Leo Brown (email:
leobrown@schrodinger.com, phone: +1 630 752-9047).


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Tue Feb 15 00:04:38 2000
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Subject: Commodity Cluster Computing for Computational Chemistry
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DHPC Technical Report DHPC-073: Commodity Cluster Computing for
Computational Chemistry

http://dhpc.adelaide.edu.au/reports/073/html/dhpc-073.html

K.A. Hawick1, D.A. Grove1, P.D. Coddington1, M.A. Buntine2 

1 Department of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA
5005, Australia
  
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005,
Australia

khawick@cs.adelaide.edu.au, mark.buntine@adelaide.edu.au 

                       21 January 2000 

Keywords: Computational chemistry, Beowulf cluster, cluster computing,
parallel computing, performance benchmarks

Outline:

     Abstract 
     1. Introduction 
     2. Beowulf Clusters 
     3. System Requirements for Computational Chemistry 
     4. Designing a Beowulf Cluster 
         4.1. Processor Architecture 
         4.2. Network Infrastructure 
         4.3. Disk Configuration 
         4.4. Operating System 
         4.5. Cluster Management Software 
         4.6. Other Issues 
     5. Performance Benchmarks 
     6. Conclusions 
     Acknowledgments 
     References 

Abstract:

Access to high-performance computing power remains crucial for many
computational chemistry problems. Unfortunately, traditional
supercomputers or cluster computing solutions from commercial vendors
remain very expensive, even for entry level configurations, and are
therefore often beyond the reach of many small to medium-sized
research groups and universities. Clusters of networked commodity
computers provide an alternative computing platform that can offer
substantially better price/performance than commercial
supercomputers. We have constructed a networked PC cluster, or
Beowulf, dedicated to computational chemistry problems using standard
ab initio molecular orbital software packages such as Gaussian and
GAMESS-US.

This paper introduces the concept of Beowulf computing clusters and
outlines the requirements for running the ab initio software packages
used by computational chemists at the University of Adelaide. We
describe the economic and performance trade-offs and design choices
made in constructing the Beowulf system, including the choice of
processors, networking, storage systems, operating system and job
queuing software. Other issues such as throughput, scalability,
software support, maintenance, and future trends are also discussed.

We present some benchmark results for the Gaussian 98 and GAMESS-US
programs, in order to compare the processor performance (and
price/performance) with other computing platforms. We also analyse the
efficiency and scalability of the parallel versions of these programs
on a commodity Beowulf cluster. We believe that the Beowulf cluster we
have constructed offers the best price/performance ratio for our
computational chemistry applications, and that commodity clusters can
now provide dedicated supercomputer performance within the budget of
most university departments.

[ rest of paper snipped for brevity. consult above URL for the whole hog ]


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Tue Feb 15 03:25:07 2000
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From: "Georg Schmeer" <georg.schmeer@chemie.uni-regensburg.de>
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To: chemistry@ccl.net, "Alexei Khalizov" <khalizov@chemistry.mcgill.ca>
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Subject: Re: CCL:How can one calculate reaction rate constant?
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>From:          "Alexei Khalizov" <khalizov@chemistry.mcgill.ca>
>Organization:  Chemistry Dept., McGill University
>To:            chemistry@ccl.net
>Date:          Mon, 14 Feb 2000 18:51:16 -0500
>Subject:       CCL:How can one calculate reaction rate constant?
>Priority:      normal

><color><param>0100,0100,0100</param><FontFamily><param>Times New Roman</param><bigger>Dear CCLers,
>
>
>I would like to calculate rate constant k for bimolecular reaction 
>A + B -> AB. I have found transition state and proved that it 
>really connects reagents and products (G98w, GAMESS). 
>According to RRKM the simplest expression for calculation of 
>rate constant k is
>
>
>k = (kB*T/h)(Q  /Qa*Qb) exp(-Eo/RT),
>
>
>where kB is Boltzmann s constant; Q  , Qa and Qb are partition 
>functions for TS and reagents A and B; Eo   difference in zero 
>point energies of TS and reagents. 
>
>
>Question: what units and what measure does this rate constant k 
>have? Simple evaluation gives units of [s-1], but being a 
>bimolecular it is expected to have units of  [M-1s-1], [cm3 
>molecules-1 s-1] or such. How can we account for this?
>
>
>Sincerely,
>
>Alexei Khalizov,
>
></color>Balakrishnan Viswanathan
>
>
>
>
>-------------------------
>Dr. Alexei Khalizov
>Departments of Chemistry
>McGill University,
>801 Sherbrooke St. W.,
>Montreal, Quebec, CANADA,
>H3A 2K6
>
>->MAILSERV@ccl.net -- HELP CHEMISTRY or HELP SEARCH
>CHEMISTRY-SEARCH@ccl.net -- archive search    |    Gopher: gopher.ccl.net 70
>Ftp: ftp.ccl.net  |  WWW: http://www.ccl.net/chemistry/   | Jan: jkl@ccl.net
>
>
>
Dear Alexei Khalizov,
this problem is a very universal one, because  the equations for 
standard free energies and for equilibrium constants  very often are not 
exactly formulated in the literature. Concerning the fundamental equation

Delta(G-zero) = - R*T*ln(Equilibrium constant)

the equilibrium constant must be a dimensionless magnitude. According to 
J.W.Moore, R.A.Pearson,"Kinetics and Mechanism", Wiley, New York, 1981, 
p.177-179
the equilibrium constant is related to a reference concentration

eq.Constant = K^c*(c-ref)^(n-1), where n is the molecularity of the equilibrium 
reaction and K^c the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations with the same 
dimension as the reference concentration. Very often, the second factor of this 
equation is omitted:
eq.Constant = K^c    :   and this is not true!
Taking into account of the exact relation, the equations for rate constants 
yield always the right dimensions. 

I hope this is helpful for you

Sincerely

Georg Schmeer    
Prof. Dr. Georg Schmeer
Institut fuer Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
Universitaet Regensburg
D-93040 Regensburg
Georg.Schmeer@chemie.uni-regensburg.de
Tel: 0941-943-4745
Fax: 0941-943-4532


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Tue Feb 15 08:03:09 2000
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From: Harald Svedung <svedung@phc.chalmers.se>
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Hi Dr. Khalizov and all

The first thing that comes to mind is to include the collision frequency, 
that is pressure (or conc.) dependent.

Collision frequency and collisional energy transfer efficiency also 
becomes important in stabilizing the product at least in gas phase.

for a further discussion se eg. :

The theory of Unim. and Recomb. React., R. G. Gilbert and S. C. Smith, 
Blackwell Sci. Pub. (1990).

and for energy transfer eg. :

special issue Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 101 (1997)

:-)
/Harald 




On Mon, 14 Feb 2000, Alexei Khalizov wrote:

> 
> I would like to calculate rate constant k for bimolecular reaction
> A + B -> AB. I have found transition state and proved that it
> really connects reagents and products (G98w, GAMESS).
> According to RRKM the simplest expression for calculation of
> rate constant k is
> 
> 
> k = (kB*T/h)(Q’’/Qa*Qb) exp(-Eo/RT),
> 
> 
> where kB is Boltzmann’s constant; Q’’, Qa and Qb are partition
> functions for TS and reagents A and B; Eo – difference in zero
> point energies of TS and reagents.
> 
> 
> Question: what units and what measure does this rate constant k
> have? Simple evaluation gives units of [s-1], but being a
> bimolecular it is expected to have units of  [M-1s-1], [cm3
> molecules-1 s-1] or such. How can we account for this?
> 
> 
> Sincerely,
> 
> Alexei Khalizov,
>
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -------------------------
> Dr. Alexei Khalizov
> Departments of Chemistry
> McGill University,
> 801 Sherbrooke St. W.,
> Montreal, Quebec, CANADA,
> H3A 2K6
> 
> -

Harald Svedung (Ph.Lic.)                phone:          +46-31-7722816
Department of Chemistry                 fax:            +46-31-167194
Physical Chemistry                      home phone:     +46-31-240897, +46-709223206	
Goeteborg University                    home e-mail:    harald.svedung@svedung.pp.se
SE-412 96 Goeteborg, Sweden             www.che.chalmers.se/~svedung/	



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Tue Feb 15 13:43:13 2000
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Subject: Re: CCL:ASSIGNMENT OF ATOM TYPES IN MMFF94
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First, the easy part:

>2) Coordination no. (i.e. no of attached atoms) for all the 3 types (38)NPYD,
>   (39)NPYL and (79)N5 is [2]. How is this possible? e.g. in pyrrole, the
> nitrogen atom gets atom type (39)NPYL, then how does (39)NPYL have
>  coordination no. [2]?

If you are looking at table II of Halgren's first paper on MMFF94,
the coordination number, [2], listed for NPYL is a typo. The 
properties table (I) in his paper V lists the coordination number
as [3]. 

----- now the hard part 

If you don't already know, it is very informative to look at the
assigned structures in the free validation suite available on the 
osc web page. I tripped over this problem last summer, so it's not too
fresh in my mind, but here goes:

> The following questions arise from these facts:

> 1) If ring is a hetero-aromatic 5-ring, with respect to the base atom,
> only 4 atoms  need to be addressed. Clearly 2 of them (the 2 atoms
> directly connected to base atom) will be alpha to the base atom,
> remaining 2 will be beta to the base atom. (If the hetero atom is N, it
> would be of type (39)NPYL. Hence, any other N in the same 5-ring will
> have the atom type (38)NPYD or (65)N5A or (66)N5B and C will have the
> atom type (63)C5A or (64)C5B. Any other type of carbon can't exist if
> 5-ring is an aromatic ring)

>In this situation, where do the types (78)C5 and (79)N5 fit? Can any one
>suggest me a structure in which atom types (78)C5 or (79)N5 would be
>used?

One example is GUANCH01 (protonated guanine) in the validation suite.
The two carbons shared between the 5 and 6 membered rings are 
not part of the imidazolium resonance structure. Because of the
imidazolium part, the position of the atoms relative to "the unique lone-pair
heteroatom" is ambiguous and the L5 parameter in the aromatic substitution
table gets a value of 4. At least, that's what works for me. The aromatic substitution
table is a bit puzzling since several aromatic types (like C5A, for example) appear 
in the "OLD TYPE" column as if the substitution gets called more than once on a given 
structure. Perhaps now that Thomas Halgren is with another company, he can speak freely 
on the subject of implementation. There are many details like this that I have encountered
and it makes me appreciate why he has requested that any implementation that does not pass the
suite of 761 molecules be labeled as "partial". 


Richard Gillilan
Cornell Theory Center


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Tue Feb 15 20:59:05 2000
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Hi, CClneters

Now I have a problem, i.e. how to compile the gaussian98 under
Linux(redhat 5.0).

Thanks in advance!

with best regards,

zhang, xiaoo dong



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 15:12:39 2000
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	Dear ccl'ers,

		I want to run g98 using Linda on a couple of one-processor pentium/linux
boxes. I wasn't able to find out about HOW to launch the program. I guess
that ntsnet is involved but I'm not sure at all.
		I'd appreciate any hints.
		Regards,

						Reinaldo  

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In-Reply-To: Reinaldo Pis Diez <pis_diez@dalton.quimica.unlp.edu.ar>
        "CCL:G98 + Linda under Linux" (Feb 16,  3:49pm)
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Subject: cartesian coordinates to internal coordinates
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Dear all,

Can someone please point out either a C or a Fortran code which:
i) converts cartesian coordinates to internal coordinates
ii) transform gradients in cartesian coordinates to internal coordinates, if
possible?

Thank you for your help.

Regards,
Aileen

-- 
Aileen Cheung
CPSE
Imperial College
Tel: 0171-594 6612

From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 18:21:18 2000
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From: Daniel Severance <dseverance@acadia-pharm.com>
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Subject: GPCRs and other non-structural targets
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Hi,
    Does anyone have a summary of what research groups are working on
computational methods for dealing with things where no structures are known?
I.e., given the structures of a series of small molecules and their
activities, trying to infer something about what interactions must be
important?
    Also, for those of you who may have hired people to work on these kinds
of problems - what background have you found is best (assuming they did
something different as a student).  Thanks.
    Feel free to e-mail me directly and I'll summarize to the list.
    Dan   
____________________________________________________
Daniel L. Severance Ph.D.                             phone  (858) 558 2871
Computational Chemistry                             fax       (858) 558 2872
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals
3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard 
San Diego CA 92121-1402  USA

dseverance@acadia-pharm.com
www.acadia-pharm.com


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 20:06:07 2000
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Date: Wed, 16 Feb 2000 19:04:11 -0500
From: elewars <elewars@trentu.ca>
Subject: PPP Method: status?
To: chemistry@ccl.net
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2000 Feb 16

Subject: the Pariser-Parr-Pople method

Could someone with some familiarity with the PPP method please tell me:
1) is it still used at all?
2) was it used for calculation of UV spectra *at a given geometry* only,
or could it perform realistic geometry optimizations on pi-systems?
2) what has it evolved into: what currently popular method or program
for calculating electronic spectra is an offspring of the PPP method?

Thank you.

E. Lewars
=====


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 12:18:02 2000
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Subject: Gaussian and Windows 2000
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Does Gaussian 98W work with Windows 2000?

Glen Robinson




From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 14:50:09 2000
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Subject: 4th Lake Tahoe Center Molecular Diversity Symposium - Mar 21-25, 2000

Hello everyone --

I've been asked to forward the following meeting announcement.  

First, I'd like to add a bit more information:
  1. The Lake Tahoe Center is a *non-profit* corporation whose mission
     is to facilitate communication amongst scientists in the diverse
     disciplines loosely linked through the concept of chemical diversity.
  2. The meeting is held at a particularly beautiful location and is
     conducted in a "Gordon Research Conference" format with lectures
     in the morning and evening, leaving afternoons free for discussion
     and/or recreation.

I hope to see you there!

  -- Bob Pearlman

> The organizers are pleased to announce the upcoming 4th Lake Tahoe
> Symposium on MOLECULAR DIVERSITY, to be held March 21 - 25, 2000.  
> We hope that you make plans to attend our exciting program this year.
> 
> You can view the latest program updates and register online by visiting
> the Lake Tahoe Symposia web site:  http://www.laketahoesymposia.org.
>
> Please forward this notice to colleagues who might also be interested
> in our program - thank you!
> 
> 
> Lake Tahoe Symposia
> Lake Tahoe Center
> 604 South Saltair Avenue
> Los Angeles CA 90049-4135
> 
> Ph: 	310 825-9329  (310 476-1147)
> Fax: 	310 206-1703  (310 476-7741)
> Em: 	admin@laketahoesymposia.org
> URL: 	http://www.laketahoesymposia.org 


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 19:20:35 2000
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From: William Cope <wacope@ucdavis.edu>
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To: chemistry@ccl.net
Subject: CCL:  Gaussian Basis Sets for Tin
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Greetings,

	Does anyone know about a gaussian basis set for tin that is larger
than 3-21G*?    A 6-31G* basis set would be ideal.   Feel free to e-mail
me directly,  replies will be summarized and posted here.                 
                			Wil.






From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 22:00:29 2000
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Subject: Re: CCL:PPP Method: status?
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PPP theory is still used.  It can be quite accurate, and very fast, when
parameterised carefully.  It is best used for planar molecules in general.  If
nonplanar configurations are considered one must take care to avoid twists that
bring components of localised lone pairs out of the plane.

It works best at a frozen geometry.

It can be used to optimize bond lengths by calibrating the expression
    R = a + b*P
where P is the computed bond order for each nearest-neighbor bond type at
experimental or high quality ab initio geometries.

PPP theory is just the pi part of INDO/S and similar methodologies, and assumes a
frozen sigma field that is incorporated into the one center parameters.

Because INDO/S and related all valence electron methodologies treat sigma electrons

explicitly it is superior to PPP theory for pnon-planar molecules.
Geometry optimization for INDO/S spectroscopic methods are not very well developed
because parameterizations for spectra give poor geometries, in general.

John McKelvey



elewars wrote:

> 2000 Feb 16
>
> Subject: the Pariser-Parr-Pople method
>
> Could someone with some familiarity with the PPP method please tell me:
> 1) is it still used at all?
> 2) was it used for calculation of UV spectra *at a given geometry* only,
> or could it perform realistic geometry optimizations on pi-systems?
> 2) what has it evolved into: what currently popular method or program
> for calculating electronic spectra is an offspring of the PPP method?
>
> Thank you.
>
> E. Lewars
> =====
>
> -= This is automatically added to each message by mailing script =-
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From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net  Wed Feb 16 23:54:22 2000
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Reply-To: <administration@claessen.net>
From: "Rolf Claessen" <administration@claessen.net>
To: <chemistry@ccl.net>
Subject: MOSOL
Date: Wed, 16 Feb 2000 22:45:48 -0500
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In-Reply-To: <38AB1216.EEB17593@attglobal.net>

Dear Colleagues,

did anyone here use MOSOL? Is it possible to calculate heats of formation in
the solid state with it? Is it more accurate than the CRYSTAL or the WIEN
code?

Rolf


