From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Wed Sep 12 16:42:32 2001
Received: from mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au ([138.80.69.54])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8CKgV325960
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Wed, 12 Sep 2001 16:42:31 -0400
Received: by mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <SP1K678C>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 06:12:29 +0930
Message-ID: <C1E34B5CA6D4D411895300A0C9ACF4B92269C5@mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au>
From: Henry Pang <henry.pang@ntu.edu.au>
To: "'chemistry@ccl.net'" <chemistry@ccl.net>
Cc: "'thepangs@yahoogroups.com'" <thepangs@yahoogroups.com>
Subject: Alternant hydrocarbons and the film "My Fair Lady"
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 06:12:28 +0930
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"

Hi CCL

I am interested to find out if my impression CC is a super reductionist
field is reasonable. The word "alternant" is found in CC books. Ira Levine
(1983), Quantum Chemistry says, "An alternant hydrocarbon is a planar
conjugated hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms can be divided into a
starred set and an unstarred set."

My several general chemistry books do not mention alternant. I do not find
any entry for "alternant hydrocarbon" in the Cambridge International
Dictionary of English, Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology,
but the Concise Oxford Dictionary says, "alternant is alternating, of
alternating layers". I do not find any mention in books of cosmology,
astronomy, physics, archaeology, anthropology, history, language,
linguistics, law, medicine, surgery, politics, metal work, or mass media for
example.

I do have some idea; alternant is interesting in molecules such as
cyclobutadiene, naphthalene, benzyl radical, azulene, cyclopentadienyl
radical. I am looking for any discussion regarding what the word "alternant"
means in plain English, which other people in the university and community
might appreciate as human beings, even though not expert in CC.

Please understand I am not being disrespectful or even facetious. Do you
recall the award film "My Fair Lady"? Common flower girl Eliza Doolittle
asks phonetics expert Professor Higgins to teach her to speak like a lady.
Eliza becomes the belle of British society and the Prince takes her hand to
lead her to the dance floor at the great Ball. Higgins takes all the credit.
As he says, "I knew I could do it." He tells Eliza, but she replies in total
defiance, "I do not understand anything you are saying to me. I am too
ignorant!"

I am not CC, but just an Australian medical doctor. I am just curious about
CCL. Forgive me, but CCL seems like an intense activity looking the computer
measurements and bond strengths of the Lego blocks put together by my
children into interesting creations. CCL day in and day out, seems about
finding better ways of computing the minute details of my children's Lego
blocks?

Questions -
1.Have you any material, which explains "alternant" in plain English for my
children, so they might really understand what the animal is in real terms?
2.Have you ever heard of another word "Holism"? Could holism be of any
interest to the super reductionist field of CC? Does it really matter to the
world or our Universe in any case?

(I am disgusted and very sad about New York and the Pentagon)

Regards
Dr Henry Pang (medical) 
Australia





From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 08:20:59 2001
Received: from luc.ac.be ([193.190.2.30])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DCKw328076
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 08:20:58 -0400
Received: from sbg-ts (localhost [127.0.0.1])
	by luc.ac.be (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id OAA24995;
	Thu, 13 Sep 2001 14:20:51 +0200 (MET DST)
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 14:20:51 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-Id: <200109131220.OAA24995@luc.ac.be>
X-Sender: lucp1381@mail.luc.ac.be
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: Henry Pang <henry.pang@ntu.edu.au>, chemistry@ccl.net
From: sergiusz kwasniewski <sergiusz.kwasniewski@luc.ac.be>
Subject: Re: CCL:Alternant hydrocarbons

Hi,

while I was in Exeter under the supervisory of Prof. Fowler, we used the
alternant structures to explain certain things about fullerenes. I guess
that if you would look for prof. Fowler's book on fullerenes it will
certainly be explained for some part.

A definition we used for it for my master's thesis goes like this:
"An alternant is a bipartite structure that can be partitioned into two
subsets of atoms, in a way that an atom of one subset is only surrounded by
atoms of the other subset (starred and unstarred atoms)."

You could also look into "Clar colouring" schemes like e.g. in reference:

G. Brinkmann, P.W. Fowler, "Spiral coding of leapfrog polyhedra",
J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. (in press 1998)

Hope this helps,

Serge


___________________________________________________

	Sergiusz Kwasniewski
	LUC SBG/TS
	Universitaire Campus Gebouw D
	3590 Diepenbeek
	BELGIUM

	tel(direct): 032 (0)11/268315
	fax	   : 032 (0)11/268301
	email      : sergiusz.kwasniewski@luc.ac.be
	http://www.luc.ac.be/Research/TheoChem
___________________________________________________


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 09:41:02 2001
Received: from mail2.intermedia.net ([206.40.48.152])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DDf2329945
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 09:41:02 -0400
Received: from inaco.mentecolectiva.com (unverified [66.128.43.140]) by mail2.intermedia.net
 (Rockliffe SMTPRA 4.5.4) with ESMTP id <B0125797686@mail2.intermedia.net> for <chemistry@ccl.net>;
 Thu, 13 Sep 2001 06:41:02 -0700
Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20010913083609.009eb920@mail.mentecolectiva.com>
X-Sender: esguerra%mentecolectiva.com@mail.mentecolectiva.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 08:44:48 -0500
To: chemistry@ccl.net
From: "Mauricio Esguerra N." <esguerra@mentecolectiva.com>
Subject: Cluster Boards
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by server.ccl.net id f8DDf2329946

Hello again,


This time I would like to ask if any of you with experience building 
clusters could tell me if it's better to build a cluster using (for say a 6 
node cluster) 3 dual motherboards or 6 single motherboards.  I am 
specifically interested in knowing the price-performance relation between 
these two cases.


Thanking your kind help,

################################################################
Mauricio Esguerra Neira
Chemist
Grupo de Química Teórica
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
email: esguerra@mentecolectiva.com
tel: 57-1-3165000 ext18323
################################################################



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 10:39:35 2001
Received: from postoffice.mail.cornell.edu ([132.236.56.7])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DEdZ330999
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:39:35 -0400
Received: from cornell.edu (sweet1.foodsci.cornell.edu [132.236.147.65])
	by postoffice.mail.cornell.edu (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id KAA16956;
	Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:39:23 -0400 (EDT)
Sender: dwood@cornell.edu
Message-ID: <3BA0BEE4.B0E2B57F@cornell.edu>
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:12:53 -0400
From: "Dr. Richard L. Wood" <rlw28@cornell.edu>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75C-SGI [en] (X11; I; IRIX 6.5 IP32)
X-Accept-Language: en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "chemistry@ccl.net" <chemistry@ccl.net>
Subject: Re: CCL:Text vs. HTML formatted postings
References: <Pine.OSF.3.95.1010913053250.7950K-100000@epsilon.cip.physik.tu-muenchen.de>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Thomas Huber wrote:

> Dear friends,
> it seems to me, that recently the number of HTML formatted postings on
> this list has increased.  With the background of worm/virus resistant way
> to view email is, at least for me, PINE.  Unfortunatly it is not easy to
> read HTML formatted emails with PINE.
> It would be very kind to 'old-fashioned' guys like myself to avoid HTML
> formatted postings.  (Hint: In Netscape choose Edit/Preferences/Formatting
> and choose 'send plain text'.)
> Yours,
> Thomas

I'm wondering why an "old fashioned" guy would even know HOW to make
postings in a non-HTML format using a program such as Netscape if the "old
fashioned" guy isn't using Netscape?

Richard

--
Richard L. Wood, Ph. D.
Physical/Computational Chemist
Post-doctoral Associate
Department of Food Science
120 Stocking Hall
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853





From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 10:42:31 2001
Received: from sungod.ccs.yorku.ca ([130.63.236.104])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DEgU331054
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:42:30 -0400
Received: from mountain.chem.yorku.ca (mountain.chem.yorku.ca [130.63.133.28])
	by sungod.ccs.yorku.ca (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id KAA28847;
	Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:42:23 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:43:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: Rene Fournier <renef@yorku.ca>
X-Sender: renef@mountain.chem.yorku.ca
To: Henry Pang <henry.pang@ntu.edu.au>
cc: "'chemistry@ccl.net'" <chemistry@ccl.net>,
   "'thepangs@yahoogroups.com'" <thepangs@yahoogroups.com>
Subject: Re: CCL:Alternant hydrocarbons and the film "My Fair Lady"
In-Reply-To: <C1E34B5CA6D4D411895300A0C9ACF4B92269C5@mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.1010913104046.13947E-100000@mountain.chem.yorku.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII

Hello Dr Pang:

To answer your question:

>1.Have you any material, which explains "alternant" in plain English ...

   The word "alternant" shows up in matrix algebra.  The "alternant" may
be defined as the determinant of a Vandermonde matrix.  The 3x3 Vandermonde
matrices have this form:

 1    a    a^2
 1    b    b^2
 1    c    c^2

The determinant of this matrix, the ALTERNANT, is equal to
(a-b)(b-c)(c-a) = (b-a)(c-b)(c-a)

4x4 Vandermonde matrices have this form:

 1    a    a^2    a^3
 1    b    b^2    b^3
 1    c    c^2    c^3
 1    d    d^2    d^3

The alternant for this matrix is the product
(b-a)(c-a)(d-a)(c-b)(d-b)(d-c)

etc...

More generally, the product of all differences of a set of n numbers
y_1, y_2, y_3, ... y_n is equal to the determinant of the corresponding
n x n Vandermonde matrix (alternant) having elements y_1, y_2, y_3,
... y_n on the 2nd column.  So for the general n x n case, the alternant is

Product_for_all_pairs_i,j_(0<i<j<n+1)_of_(y_j-y_i)

See formula 14.311 in I S Gradshteyn and I M Ryzhik "Table of
integrals, series, and products", corrected and enlarged edition
prepared by Alan Jeffery (Academic Press, 1980, New York).

I guess one could, by extension, define "alternant" as follows:

the alternant associated with an ordered set of numbers is the product
of all the ordered differences that can be formed from these numbers.


It may not sound like plain English, but working out examples helps.
Here's some sets of numbers and the alternants associated with them:

{7, 4, 5}     the alternant is (4-7)*(5-7)*(5-4)= 6
{7, 5, 4}     the alternant is (5-7)*(4-7)*(4-5)=-6
{7, 5, 4, 1}  the alternant is (5-7)*(4-7)*(4-5)*(1-7)*(1-5)*(1-4)= 432
{7, 5, 1, 4}  the alternant is (5-7)*(4-7)*(4-5)*(1-7)*(1-5)*(4-1)=-432
{7, 1, 5, 4}  the alternant is (5-7)*(4-7)*(4-5)*(1-7)*(5-1)*(4-1)= 432

Rene Fournier.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Rene Fournier                 | Office:  303 Petrie              |
| Chemistry Dpt, York University| Phone: (416) 736 2100 Ext. 30687 |
| 4700 Keele Street,  Toronto   | FAX: (416-736-5936)              |
| Ontario, CANADA   M3J 1P3     | e-mail: renef@yorku.ca           |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|                http://www.chem.yorku.ca/profs/renef/             |
--------------------------------------------------------------------


On Thu, 13 Sep 2001, Henry Pang wrote:

> Hi CCL
> 
> I am interested to find out if my impression CC is a super reductionist
> field is reasonable. The word "alternant" is found in CC books. Ira Levine
> (1983), Quantum Chemistry says, "An alternant hydrocarbon is a planar
> conjugated hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms can be divided into a
> starred set and an unstarred set."
> 
> My several general chemistry books do not mention alternant. I do not find
> any entry for "alternant hydrocarbon" in the Cambridge International
> Dictionary of English, Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology,
> but the Concise Oxford Dictionary says, "alternant is alternating, of
> alternating layers". I do not find any mention in books of cosmology,
> astronomy, physics, archaeology, anthropology, history, language,
> linguistics, law, medicine, surgery, politics, metal work, or mass media for
> example.
> 
> I do have some idea; alternant is interesting in molecules such as
> cyclobutadiene, naphthalene, benzyl radical, azulene, cyclopentadienyl
> radical. I am looking for any discussion regarding what the word "alternant"
> means in plain English, which other people in the university and community
> might appreciate as human beings, even though not expert in CC.
> 
> Please understand I am not being disrespectful or even facetious. Do you
> recall the award film "My Fair Lady"? Common flower girl Eliza Doolittle
> asks phonetics expert Professor Higgins to teach her to speak like a lady.
> Eliza becomes the belle of British society and the Prince takes her hand to
> lead her to the dance floor at the great Ball. Higgins takes all the credit.
> As he says, "I knew I could do it." He tells Eliza, but she replies in total
> defiance, "I do not understand anything you are saying to me. I am too
> ignorant!"
> 
> I am not CC, but just an Australian medical doctor. I am just curious about
> CCL. Forgive me, but CCL seems like an intense activity looking the computer
> measurements and bond strengths of the Lego blocks put together by my
> children into interesting creations. CCL day in and day out, seems about
> finding better ways of computing the minute details of my children's Lego
> blocks?
> 
> Questions -
> 1.Have you any material, which explains "alternant" in plain English for my
> children, so they might really understand what the animal is in real terms?
> 2.Have you ever heard of another word "Holism"? Could holism be of any
> interest to the super reductionist field of CC? Does it really matter to the
> world or our Universe in any case?
> 
> (I am disgusted and very sad about New York and the Pentagon)
> 
> Regards
> Dr Henry Pang (medical) 
> Australia
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -= This is automatically added to each message by mailing script =-
> CHEMISTRY@ccl.net -- To Everybody  | CHEMISTRY-REQUEST@ccl.net -- To Admins
> MAILSERV@ccl.net -- HELP CHEMISTRY or HELP SEARCH
> CHEMISTRY-SEARCH@ccl.net -- archive search    |    Gopher: gopher.ccl.net 70
> Ftp: ftp.ccl.net  |  WWW: http://www.ccl.net/chemistry/   | Jan: jkl@ccl.net
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 12:05:04 2001
Received: from ucidoor.unitedcatalysts.com ([208.23.162.2])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DG54332477
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:05:04 -0400
Received: by ucidoor.unitedcatalysts.com; (8.8.8/1.3/10May95) id MAA21241; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:05:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from 10.1.0.50 by ucismtp02.unitedcatalysts.com (InterScan E-Mail VirusWall NT); Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:06:44 -0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)
Received: from lvlxch01.unitedcatalysts.com ([10.16.100.88])
 by lvlmail.unitedcatalysts.com (PMDF V6.0-24 #41777)
 with ESMTP id <0GJL00JKRTW93T@lvlmail.unitedcatalysts.com>; Thu,
 13 Sep 2001 10:07:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by lvlxch01.unitedcatalysts.com with Internet Mail Service
 (5.5.2650.21)	id <QGD4LZQW>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:12:13 -0400
Content-return: allowed
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 10:12:03 -0400
From: "Shobe, Dave" <dshobe@sud-chemieinc.com>
Subject: RE: Alternant hydrocarbons and the film "My Fair Lady"
To: "'Henry Pang'" <henry.pang@ntu.edu.au>,
   "'chemistry@ccl.net'" <chemistry@ccl.net>
Cc: "'thepangs@yahoogroups.com'" <thepangs@yahoogroups.com>
Message-id: 
 <157A51F55AAAD3119CD70008C7B1629DDAB1F6@lvlxch01.unitedcatalysts.com>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21)
Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by server.ccl.net id f8DG54332478

Guess what?  Even mathematicians studying graph theory (roughly, the
mathematics of line drawings, connectivity, and networks) do not use the
word "alternant".  Their term is "bipartite".  

Your definition of "alternant" or "bipartite" is missing an important point:
either word means that the vertices/nodes/atoms can be divided into two sets
(starred/unstarred or red/blue or whatever) with the property that no two
"adjacent" vertices are in the same set.  "Adjacent" means that there is a
line/edge/bond between the two vertices/atoms.  
Especially when explaining to children, it might be good to have them, as an
exercise, try to do this division into two sets for different
graphs/pi-systems, e.g. naphthalene and azulene.  They might even discover,
on their own, the relationship between alternant-ness and odd cycles.

Computational chemistry is more holistic than you might think.  One of the
problems in computing large molecules is that the wave function of the
electrons extends across the entire molecule and even outside of it.  If you
put several molecules together, there is one wave function for the entire
system.  It is the job of the theoretical chemist (not quite the same as
computational chemist, although there is a large overlap between the two
professions) to come up with reductionistic explanations of quantum systems
in terms of bonds, interatomic forces, etc. where these are appropriate.  

In many areas we're still finding new ways to put the "Legos" together. On
the other hand, the world's synthetic chemists are indeed making complex and
interesting structures from the building blocks.  Some of them imitate
natural structures, while others are abstract.

--David Shobe
Süd-Chemie Inc.
phone (502) 634-7409
fax     (502) 634-7724
email  dshobe@sud-chemieinc.com

Don't bother flaming me: I'm behind a firewall.




-----Original Message-----
From: Henry Pang [mailto:henry.pang@ntu.edu.au]
Sent: Wednesday, September 12, 2001 4:42 PM
To: 'chemistry@ccl.net'
Cc: 'thepangs@yahoogroups.com'
Subject: CCL:Alternant hydrocarbons and the film "My Fair Lady"


Hi CCL

I am interested to find out if my impression CC is a super reductionist
field is reasonable. The word "alternant" is found in CC books. Ira Levine
(1983), Quantum Chemistry says, "An alternant hydrocarbon is a planar
conjugated hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms can be divided into a
starred set and an unstarred set."

My several general chemistry books do not mention alternant. I do not find
any entry for "alternant hydrocarbon" in the Cambridge International
Dictionary of English, Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology,
but the Concise Oxford Dictionary says, "alternant is alternating, of
alternating layers". I do not find any mention in books of cosmology,
astronomy, physics, archaeology, anthropology, history, language,
linguistics, law, medicine, surgery, politics, metal work, or mass media for
example.

I do have some idea; alternant is interesting in molecules such as
cyclobutadiene, naphthalene, benzyl radical, azulene, cyclopentadienyl
radical. I am looking for any discussion regarding what the word "alternant"
means in plain English, which other people in the university and community
might appreciate as human beings, even though not expert in CC.

Please understand I am not being disrespectful or even facetious. Do you
recall the award film "My Fair Lady"? Common flower girl Eliza Doolittle
asks phonetics expert Professor Higgins to teach her to speak like a lady.
Eliza becomes the belle of British society and the Prince takes her hand to
lead her to the dance floor at the great Ball. Higgins takes all the credit.
As he says, "I knew I could do it." He tells Eliza, but she replies in total
defiance, "I do not understand anything you are saying to me. I am too
ignorant!"

I am not CC, but just an Australian medical doctor. I am just curious about
CCL. Forgive me, but CCL seems like an intense activity looking the computer
measurements and bond strengths of the Lego blocks put together by my
children into interesting creations. CCL day in and day out, seems about
finding better ways of computing the minute details of my children's Lego
blocks?

Questions -
1.Have you any material, which explains "alternant" in plain English for my
children, so they might really understand what the animal is in real terms?
2.Have you ever heard of another word "Holism"? Could holism be of any
interest to the super reductionist field of CC? Does it really matter to the
world or our Universe in any case?

(I am disgusted and very sad about New York and the Pentagon)

Regards
Dr Henry Pang (medical) 
Australia





-= This is automatically added to each message by mailing script =-
CHEMISTRY@ccl.net -- To Everybody  | CHEMISTRY-REQUEST@ccl.net -- To Admins
MAILSERV@ccl.net -- HELP CHEMISTRY or HELP SEARCH
CHEMISTRY-SEARCH@ccl.net -- archive search    |    Gopher: gopher.ccl.net 70
Ftp: ftp.ccl.net  |  WWW: http://www.ccl.net/chemistry/   | Jan: jkl@ccl.net






From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 12:21:53 2001
Received: from relay1.scripps.edu ([137.131.200.29])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DGLq332753
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:21:53 -0400
Received: from gamow.scripps.edu (gamow.scripps.edu [137.131.252.67])
	by relay1.scripps.edu (8.11.6/TSRI-4.0.1r) with ESMTP id f8DGLZc18694
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 09:21:35 -0700 (PDT)
Received: (from case@localhost)
	by gamow.scripps.edu (8.9.2/TSRI-3.0.1) id JAA160781
	for chemistry@ccl.net; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 09:20:14 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 09:20:14 -0700 (PDT)
From: David Case <case@scripps.edu>
Message-Id: <200109131620.JAA160781@gamow.scripps.edu>
To: chemistry@ccl.net
Subject: Future status of the Amber molecular modeling programs

The following comments are a general reply to many questions I have been
asked about the future status of the Amber molecular modeling programs.
We were all saddened by Peter Kollman's untimely death, but we definitely
plan to keep the Amber program alive (as Peter certainly wanted).  Here is
some information:

  For several years, David Case (at The Scripps Research Institute in San
Diego) has been in charge of preparing releases, overseeing details of the
code tree, test suites, and documentation.  This will continue.
Contributions to Amber come from many places, including UCSF, and have not
been dependent on any one person or research group.

  Amber has been released on a "two-year" cycle for some time.  Amber6 was
released in January, 2000, and plans are well along for a release of Amber7,
with a target date of January, 2002.  Some of the features we plan for
Amber7 are listed below; all of these were well in the "pipeline" when Peter
Kollman died.

  (1) New force fields for proteins and nucleic acids, including
polarizabilities on atoms, and off-center ("lone-pair") charges to better
handle the orientation dependence of hydrogen bonds.  This is an area that
Peter Kollman was working very hard on, and continued development and
testing is being led by senior collaborators Piotr Cieplak and Jim Caldwell.

  (2) Codes and force fields to automatically treat (almost) any organic
molecule.  This "general organic" Amber force field and corresponding
computer codes for generating atom types and Amber-compatible input files,
should greatly facilitate the incorporation of co-factors and ligands into
Amber-based simulations. The principal developer here is Junmei Wang.

  (3) A "second generation" of generalized Born and other continuum solvent
models, for problems where full explicit solvent simulations are not
practical.  These will include support for free energy simulations, and
advanced methods of handling titratable residues.

  (4) Continued general improvements in the core simulation technologies:
better parallel performance; new QM/MM models (in the Roar package from
Ken Merz' group at Penn State); improved free energy techniques (especially
with PME); updates to the preparation and analysis programs; and so on.

Please note that we cannot yet guarantee either the release date or the
specific set of features that will be included in Amber7, but the
development team is committed to continuing to provide the best program
suite we can put together.  Other features that are in development may also
be ready in time to be included in the Amber7 release.

  Questions can be addressed to me, using the contact information below.

-- 

==================================================================
David A. Case                     |  e-mail:      case@scripps.edu
Dept. of Molecular Biology, TPC15 |  fax:          +1-858-784-8896
The Scripps Research Institute    |  phone:        +1-858-784-9768
10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd.         |  home page:                   
La Jolla CA 92037  USA            |    http://www.scripps.edu/case
==================================================================


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 12:32:56 2001
Received: from mail1.ats.rochester.edu (IDENT:998@[128.151.224.31])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DGWu300593
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:32:56 -0400
Received: from localhost (weiz@localhost)
	by mail1.ats.rochester.edu (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id f8DGXs1389038
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:33:54 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:33:54 -0400
From: Wei Zhuang <weiz@mail.rochester.edu>
X-Sender: weiz@mail1.ats.rochester.edu
To: chemistry@ccl.net
Subject: unit convertion in MM3
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.4.21.0109131229570.384774-100000@mail1.ats.rochester.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII

hi,all:

I am using MM3 force field now. but the parameters in MM3 is quite wield
to me.

for example,for angles, k is in mdyne*A/rad^2. but energy is in kcal/mol,
do I need to do any conversion before I use the formula? like change k
into N*m/degree^2

wei zhuang

e-mail:weiz@mail.rochester.edu
office phone:716-2750387



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 13:20:09 2001
Received: from gandalf.cber.nih.gov ([128.231.52.5])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DHK8301492
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 13:20:08 -0400
Received: from localhost (rvenable@localhost) by gandalf.cber.nih.gov (980427.SGI.8.8.8/980728.SGI.AUTOCF) via ESMTP id NAA05550; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 13:08:30 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 13:08:29 -0400
From: Rick Venable <rvenable@gandalf.cber.nih.gov>
To: "Dr. Richard L. Wood" <rlw28@cornell.edu>
cc: "chemistry@ccl.net" <chemistry@ccl.net>
Subject: Re: CCL:Text vs. HTML formatted postings
In-Reply-To: <3BA0BEE4.B0E2B57F@cornell.edu>
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.4.21.0109131259210.199044-100000@gandalf.cber.nih.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII


I'd like to echo Thomas Huber sentiments-- please don't post to mailing
lists with either HTML or RTF (rich text format); there are a wide
variety of people using a number of different mail programs, and plain
text is the most appropriate to use for this.

Old-fashioned or not, one ought to have to control over one's mail
program, and know how to send plain text.

I also use pine to read CCL, and usually discard any postings that
aren't in plain text. 


> Thomas Huber wrote:
> > Dear friends,
> > it seems to me, that recently the number of HTML formatted postings on
> > this list has increased.  With the background of worm/virus resistant way
> > to view email is, at least for me, PINE.  Unfortunatly it is not easy to
> > read HTML formatted emails with PINE.
> > It would be very kind to 'old-fashioned' guys like myself to avoid HTML
> > formatted postings.  (Hint: In Netscape choose Edit/Preferences/Formatting
> > and choose 'send plain text'.)

On Thu, 13 Sep 2001, Dr. Richard L. Wood wrote:
> I'm wondering why an "old fashioned" guy would even know HOW to make
> postings in a non-HTML format using a program such as Netscape if
> the "old fashioned" guy isn't using Netscape?


=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=
Rick Venable
FDA/CBER/OVRR Biophysics Lab
1401 Rockville Pike    HFM-419
Rockville, MD  20852-1448  U.S.A.
(301) 496-1905   Rick_Venable@nih.gov
ALT email:  rvenable@speakeasy.org
=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=




From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 14:41:23 2001
Received: from web20509.mail.yahoo.com ([216.136.226.144])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with SMTP id f8DIfN302431
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 14:41:23 -0400
Message-ID: <20010913184123.22221.qmail@web20509.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [63.172.3.149] by web20509.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 11:41:23 PDT
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 11:41:23 -0700 (PDT)
From: Deepak Singh <mndoci@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: CCL:Text vs. HTML formatted postings
To: chemistry@ccl.net
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.4.21.0109131259210.199044-100000@gandalf.cber.nih.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

Hi CCLers

I am a regular HTML mail user, but I agree with Thomas
Huber and Richard Venable that for mass mailing lists
like CCL plain text is by far the most appropriate
format.

Deepak



=====
-----------------------
Deepak Singh, Ph.D.
GeneFormatics, Inc.
email: mndoci@yahoo.com

__________________________________________________
Terrorist Attacks on U.S. - How can you help?
Donate cash, emergency relief information
http://dailynews.yahoo.com/fc/US/Emergency_Information/


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 14:41:55 2001
Received: from mailrelay1.lrz-muenchen.de ([129.187.254.101])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DIft302460
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 14:41:55 -0400
Received: from sun5.lrz-muenchen.de by mailrelay1.lrz-muenchen.de with ESMTP for chemistry@ccl.net; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 20:41:51 +0200
Received: from localhost (ui22204@localhost)
	by sun5.lrz-muenchen.de (8.8.8+Sun/8.8.8) with ESMTP id UAA09780
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 20:41:50 +0200 (MET DST)
X-Authentication-Warning: sun5.lrz-muenchen.de: ui22204 owned process doing -bs
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 20:41:49 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Eugene Leitl <Eugene.Leitl@lrz.uni-muenchen.de>
X-X-Sender:  <ui22204@sun5.lrz-muenchen.de>
To: <chemistry@ccl.net>
Subject: Re: CCL:Cluster Boards (fwd)
Message-Id: <Pine.SOL.4.33.0109132041410.9762-100000@sun5.lrz-muenchen.de>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by server.ccl.net id f8DIft302464

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 20:03:06 +0200
From: Jakob Østergaard <jakob@unthought.net>
To: Eugene Leitl <Eugene.Leitl@lrz.uni-muenchen.de>
Subject: Re: CCL:Cluster Boards (fwd)

On Thu, Sep 13, 2001 at 05:59:42PM +0200, Eugene Leitl wrote:
...
> Hello again,
>
>
> This time I would like to ask if any of you with experience building
> clusters could tell me if it's better to build a cluster using (for say a 6
> node cluster) 3 dual motherboards or 6 single motherboards.  I am
> specifically interested in knowing the price-performance relation between
> these two cases.

You get added flexibility on dual boards, wrt. memory.   Duals have been my
choice for a long time - but the "real world" (the strange big room with the
blue ceiling) has made me recommend UP machines lately.

If you put in 1 GB RAM per CPU, with dual boards you will have the option of
using 2 GB RAM with one CPU, leaving the other CPU idle.  This can be useful,
for some.

The past two cluster projects I've been involved with, ended up choosing single
processor (AMD) machines.  For these reasons:
1) The Athlon is/was the most economical (price/performance)
   processor available - if we wanted single processor systems
   it would be AMD.
2) At the first cluster, the dual athlon was not yet available,
   and at the second cluster it was still "bleeding edge". The
   alternative is dual PIII 1GHz.  Since the customers would
   run "mostly" one particular workload, we decided not to
   spend the extra money on getting the previously mentioned
   flexibility.

When I get some experience with dual athlons, I may seriously consider using
them in a cluster later.

As I see it, there are three options:
1) UP Athlon - cheap, simple, reliable (with proper motherboard!)
2) SMP Athlon - not significantly more expensive, added flexibility,
   but I have no clue about it's stability.
3) SMP PIII - simple, reliable, but you need more machines for the
   same (theoretical) performance.

PIII and PIV are pretty much out of the picture as I see it, unless you are
using heavily SSE2 based software, in which case the PIV could, maybe, be worth
looking into.

Two single athlons are about the same cost as a dual PIII (give and take some),
and you simply cannot buy a dual PIII of "comparable performance" unless your
code will only run on two CPUs anyway and is communications intensive
(communications-bound on a network).

My uncertainty about the stability of dual athlons is the primary reason why I
do not just recommend a dual.  I have dual Pentium, PPro, PII and PIII systems
working for me daily - maybe an Athlon will join the flock some day   :)

-- 
................................................................
:   jakob@unthought.net   : And I see the elder races,         :
:.........................: putrid forms of man                :
:   Jakob Østergaard      : See him rise and claim the earth,  :
:        OZ9ABN           : his downfall is at hand.           :
:.........................:............{Konkhra}...............:



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 16:35:03 2001
Received: from postoffice.mail.cornell.edu ([132.236.56.7])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DKZ3304925
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 16:35:03 -0400
Received: from cornell.edu (sweet1.foodsci.cornell.edu [132.236.147.65])
	by postoffice.mail.cornell.edu (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id QAA00420;
	Thu, 13 Sep 2001 16:35:02 -0400 (EDT)
Sender: dwood@cornell.edu
Message-ID: <3BA11240.119E2EF6@cornell.edu>
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 16:08:32 -0400
From: "Dr. Richard L. Wood" <rlw28@cornell.edu>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75C-SGI [en] (X11; I; IRIX 6.5 IP32)
X-Accept-Language: en
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "chemistry@ccl.net" <chemistry@ccl.net>
Subject: Re: CCL:unit convertion in MM3
References: <Pine.SGI.4.21.0109131229570.384774-100000@mail1.ats.rochester.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Wei Zhuang wrote:

> hi,all:
>
> I am using MM3 force field now. but the parameters in MM3 is quite wield
> to me.
>
> for example,for angles, k is in mdyne*A/rad^2. but energy is in kcal/mol,
> do I need to do any conversion before I use the formula? like change k
> into N*m/degree^2
>

I would think that whatever program uses the MM3 force field would have a
routine to convert the energies into the "proper" units.

Richard

--
Richard L. Wood, Ph. D.
Physical/Computational Chemist
Post-doctoral Associate
Department of Food Science
120 Stocking Hall
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853





From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 15:45:19 2001
Received: from mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au ([138.80.69.54])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8DJjI303971
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 15:45:19 -0400
Received: by mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
	id <SP1K7AP9>; Fri, 14 Sep 2001 05:15:17 +0930
Message-ID: <C1E34B5CA6D4D411895300A0C9ACF4B92269D6@mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au>
From: Henry Pang <henry.pang@ntu.edu.au>
To: "'chemistry@ccl.net'" <chemistry@ccl.net>
Subject: Alternant hydrocarbons and Holism?
Date: Fri, 14 Sep 2001 05:15:17 +0930
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"

Hi CCL

Thank you for many responses on alternant hydrocarbons. I was too scared to
stress my real intent. I merely used alternants to get through CCL filters.
Forgive me but I referred to my children and Lego building blocks to say I
think CC would benefit from a bit of holism instead of a total a narrow
reductionism. CC appears to only focus on the properties and bonds of
children's Lego blocks.

CCL day in and day out is entirely about asking everyone for new and better
methods of playing with Lego blocks. I am an Australian medical doctor
studying Masters computational chemistry. My prime interest in CC is to link
atoms and molecules to the Big Picture of the real world. I worry about the
dependence of CC on approximations applied to everything in vision. I cannot
solve the Schrodinger equation. Can you? Should I feel concerned when the
whole edifice of CC is based only on approximations? I ponder is there an
important reason for this forced position? Does CC really believe that one
day, with more funding, it will reach Absolute Truth (whatever that might
really be) in real terms?

I like to dream with my children about our Universe, about origins of
everything, about our planet earth, inanimate and animate things not least
new human babies when I am in Labour Ward. I appreciate CC is about
'rigorous science' but with respect, I believe CC would be even greater, if
there was space for a wider link to the real world. Do tell me where to find
CC applications in my professional field of health and medical care.

I think it could be wonderful and rewarding in many dimensions, if CCL could
see its way to stimulate interest in 'holism', as a respected component in
CC. 

Dictionary for the word Holism - 
"Holism noun [U] 
The belief that anything natural is in some way connected to everything else
and that each thing, such as a person, is a whole which is more important
than the parts that make it up. 
More and more people are taking holism seriously because they find
materialism unsatisfying."

Cambridge Dictionaries Online
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=holism*1+0

God Bless America

Dr Henry Pang (medical)
Australia



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 15:59:08 2001
Received: from web14301.mail.yahoo.com ([216.136.173.77])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with SMTP id f8DJx8304182
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 15:59:08 -0400
Message-ID: <20010913195905.589.qmail@web14301.mail.yahoo.com>
Received: from [199.89.163.143] by web14301.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:59:05 PDT
Date: Thu, 13 Sep 2001 12:59:05 -0700 (PDT)
From: jaouad <jaouad_jeb@yahoo.com>
Subject: Chime Encryption
To: chemistry@ccl.net
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii


Dear CCL,

I am developing a web page where i am using chime
plugins like interface for drawing structure and store
thems in a database, but my data get encrypted when i
submit my form to linux server, do some one know how
to play around this problem.

thanks

jeb

__________________________________________________
Terrorist Attacks on U.S. - How can you help?
Donate cash, emergency relief information
http://dailynews.yahoo.com/fc/US/Emergency_Information/


From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 23:49:51 2001
Received: from deakin.edu.au (root@[128.184.136.2])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8E3nn318552
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 23:49:50 -0400
Received: from [128.184.88.189] (128-184-88-189.bcs.deakin.edu.au [128.184.88.189])
	by deakin.edu.au (8.11.4/8.11.4) with ESMTP id f8E3niE22881;
	Fri, 14 Sep 2001 13:49:44 +1000 (EST)
Mime-Version: 1.0
X-Sender: lim@128.184.136.2
Message-Id: <v0422080bb7c7240b299e@[128.184.88.189]>
In-Reply-To: 
 <C1E34B5CA6D4D411895300A0C9ACF4B92269D6@mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au>
References: 
 <C1E34B5CA6D4D411895300A0C9ACF4B92269D6@mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au>
Date: Fri, 14 Sep 2001 13:32:24 +1000
To: computational chemistry list <chemistry@ccl.net>
From: "Kieran F Lim (Lim Pak Kwan)" <lim@deakin.edu.au>
Subject: Re: CCL:Alternant hydrocarbons and Holism?
Cc: Henry Pang <henry.pang@ntu.edu.au>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed"

Henry:

>there was space for a wider link to the real world. Do tell me where to find
>CC applications in my professional field of health and medical care.

see, for example, the book by (I think Oxford Press) entitled
      Molecular Orbital Calculations for Biological Systems.
it discusses, inter alia, computational calculations of pharmaceutical
and other biochemical systems.

>dependence of CC on approximations applied to everything in vision. I cannot
>solve the Schrodinger equation. Can you? Should I feel concerned when the
>whole edifice of CC is based only on approximations? I ponder is there an
>important reason for this forced position? Does CC really believe that one

you state you are a medical practitioner. how do you treat your
patients?

- you measure a temperature by thermometer in the mouth, or the
   ear or forehead or some other accessible body part and then APPROXIMATE
   that to be the (core) "body" temperature! this is an approximation.
   yet i have never met a doctor who questions this procedure.

- you measure the body "weight" (mass) of a patient -- usually
   with clothes on and then APPROXIMATE a correction for shoes, clothes, etc,
   or sometimes APPROXIMATE the correction to be zero!

- when you ask your children to buy a kilogram of bananas, i assume
   they usually take a whole number of bananas that is APPROXIMATELY 1 kg.
   they don't take 5.475893... bananas weighing 1 kg, or do they?

the whole of edifice science, engineering, technology, medicine and society
is based on approximations.

you are really asking a philosophical question, and should see
(for example) journals on the philosophy of science -- info about some
of which (eg Foundations of Chemistry) is occasionally posted on CCL.

Also see International Society for the Philosophy of Chemistry
http://www.georgetown.edu/earleyj/ISPC.html

also I note your NTU address. talk to your local computational
chemist(s) at NTU (I know him, and know him to be an interesting
person to talk to).

Kieran

------------------------------------------------------------
  Dr Kieran F Lim             Biol. and Chemical Sciences
  (Lim Pak Kwan)              Deakin University
  ph:  + [61] (3) 5227-2146   Geelong          VIC   3217
  fax: + [61] (3) 5227-1040   AUSTRALIA
  mailto:lim@deakin.edu.au    http://www.deakin.edu.au/~lim  

From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Thu Sep 13 23:50:53 2001
Received: from popeye.latrobe.edu.au ([131.172.4.60])
	by server.ccl.net (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id f8E3op318610
	for <chemistry@ccl.net>; Thu, 13 Sep 2001 23:50:51 -0400
Received: from [131.172.148.97] (gln.chem.latrobe.edu.au [131.172.148.97])
	by popeye.latrobe.edu.au (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA24700;
	Fri, 14 Sep 2001 13:50:48 +1000 (EST)
Mime-Version: 1.0
X-Sender: chemgn@pop.latrobe.edu.au
Message-Id: <f04320400b7c6fbd04fb0@[131.172.148.97]>
In-Reply-To: 
 <C1E34B5CA6D4D411895300A0C9ACF4B92269C5@mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au>
References: 
 <C1E34B5CA6D4D411895300A0C9ACF4B92269C5@mail.staff.site.ntu.edu.au>
Date: Fri, 14 Sep 2001 13:51:44 +1000
To: Henry Pang <henry.pang@ntu.edu.au>
From: "Graeme L. Nyberg" <Nyberg@latrobe.edu.au>
Subject: Re: CCL:Alternant hydrocarbons ...
Cc: chemistry@ccl.net
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed"

Henry,

You've received some responses, all of which are correct, but I have 
my doubts as to whether you're now much wiser. Here is a simple (I 
hope) explanation.

The word 'alternate' is derived from 'alternating'. Alternate 
hydrocarbons have alternating single and double bonds - eg 
CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH2, hexa-tri-ene.
Note that you can 'star' alternate C's:  *      *     *

The term arose in the consideration of the electronic structure 
(bonding) of such molecules, which are all planar, and are termed 
'conjugated', meaning that the electrons of the double-bond system 
(referred-to as the pi-electrons) interact throughout the entire 
molecule. This results in their properties being quite different from 
those of even their closest non-conjugated relatives, eg 
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2. Here the pi-electrons in the two double bonds 
don't interact, the molecule is not conjugated, and the concept of 
'alternate-ness' doesn't apply.

The more interesting class of conjugated (and 
alternate/non-alternate) molecules are the aromatic compounds, based 
on the benzene 6-membered ring (which is both fully conjugated and 
cyclic). The classical structural formula for this has alternating 
single and double bonds, but in fact no individual bond is either 
single or double; rather, they're all one-and-a-half. The concept of 
alternate- ness arose in the theory/model which was developed to 
properly account for this.

The commonly occurring aromatic molecules - eg naphthalene, 
anthracene,phenanthrene - can be thought of as being constructed from 
fused benzene rings, and are all alternates (since each ring has six 
carbons). Note that any even-membered ring will be an alternate, but 
that an odd-membered ring won't. Normal compounds with odd-membered 
rings won't, however, be fully conjugated [eg cyclo-penta-di-ene, 
(CH)4CH2, with an 'interrupting' CH2 group], so alternate-ness is not 
a concept which has been adopted into ordinary organic chemistry. 
Some of the related ions [eg the cyclopentadienyl anion, (CH)5-] are, 
though, fully conjugated, aromatic, and quite stable (and form 
complexes with metal cations).

It is at this point that the concept of 'starring' atoms becomes 
useful. In an even-membered ring, every 'starred' carbon will have 
two unstarred carbons as neighbours (and vise versa), whereas in an 
odd-membered ring there will be two adjacent carbons which are either 
both starred or both unstarred (and so be a non-alternate). Full 
conjugation is thus not synomymous with being alternate.

As well, there are a few compounds with fused odd-membered rings - eg 
azulene,which has fused five- and seven-membered rings. It is fully 
conjugated, with alternating single and double bonds (around the 
periphery), but is a non-alternate (because of the adjacent 
starred/unstarred carbons across the bridge). In contrast to 
naphthalene, its isomer, it isn't aromatic. Many of the properties of 
these molecules are thus accounted-for by their topologies.

The class of alternates can in fact be subdivided into odd-alternates 
(eg benzene = 'cyclo-hexa-triene') and even-alternates (eg 
cyclo-octa-tetrene). The former is aromatic, but the latter (though 
cyclic and nominally still fully conjugated) is not. (The neutral 
molecule is in fact non-planar.) The theory/model accounts for this.

Fascinating, isn't it?! Make you wish you'd carried on with chemistry 
instead of medicine??    ;-)

Cheers,
	Graeme Nyberg.

