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From: <jianquan@eden.rutgers.edu>
To: chemistry@ccl.net
Subject: The perspective of molecular docking:A killer application to drug design is emerging
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2002 22:50:00 -0500 (EST)
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The perspective of molecular docking: 
A killer application to drug design is emerging

by Jianquan Chen 
Email: chen_jianquan@yahoo.com

As structural genomics initiative begins to bring more and more 3D  
macromolecular structures, the work involved to validate all these 
potential targets, to demonstrate their therapeutic relevance, and to 
find
leads will become heavily dependent on the high-throughput screening 
technologies such as automated molecular docking.

Now it makes more and more chemical compounds screened because a new 
drug 
has to meet more and stricter requirements. Thus high-throughput
screening (HTS) technology has played an increasingly important role in 
new
drug development. And for many pharmaceutical companies, HTS is now an 
essential component to identify leads.

Molecular docking over a large scale virtual compound database is a 
kind of
virtual HTS technology. Molecular docking is used to predict the bound 
conformation of the ligand to the receptor. It connects the structural 
bioinformatics and drug design. Straightforwardly speaking, it is a 
tool 
to mine gold from the structural bioinformatics data. It can be divided 
into
3 classes, rigid ligand/rigid receptor, flexible ligand/rigid receptor, 
flexible ligand/(partially) flexible receptor docking. Rigid 
ligand/rigid 
receptor docking is very fast but not detailed. flexible ligand/ 
(partially)
flexible receptor docking is too complicated to be used to screen a 
large 
scale database. So we only discuss flexible ligand/rigid receptor 
docking. 

A docking problem can be divided into search algorithm and scoring 
function. 
search algorithm should be efficient enough to find the lowest energy 
configuration or conformation. The scoring function should be able to 
distinguish a correct binding mode from other putative modes. I only 
discuss search algorithm here because the progress on the search 
algorithm
and the computer will remove the hardware obstacle for the flexible 
ligand/
rigid receptor docking to enter the medicinal chemistry lab soon.

AEDock1.1, a new release of AEDock, where a new technology is 
introduced, 
can dock XK263, a bulky ligand with 10 rotatable bonds, into HIV-1 
protease 
in 23.4 seconds using a tolerance of 0.01nm rmsd with a success rate of 
92% 
on a PC with an AMD 750M CPU+256M SDRAM. Please read the results of 
AEDock1.1 at 
http://www20.brinkster.com/jianquan/aedock11/default.asp .It is a WHOLE 
MOLECULE-BASED docking program and so avoids the disadvantages of the 
fragment-based docking approaches. Based on the rotatable bond 
distribution 
table from Bohdan W., it is estimated that 2 PC with 2.2GHz Intel CPU 
can 
screen 1M drug-like compounds with 0-10 rotatable bonds in 1 week. 
Please 
follow the above link to see how it is estimated.

Comparison of molecular docking and real HTS 
1.Molecular docking over a compound database is more productive and 
cost-efficient than a real HTS. 
I list the disadvantages of real HTS here:
1. HTS is no guarantee of success.
2. Establishing a robust assay for a new target takes time and money. 
Hit rates against some receptors are reported to be very low, 
necessitating 
screening of very large numbers of com-pounds (tens to hundreds of 
thousands).
Collections of synthesized compounds or natural products often contain 
far 
less chemical diversity than is desired, are not bottomless resources, 
and 
are very time-consuming to replenish.
3. Techniques such as combinatorial chemistry offer the potential for 
synthesizing very large libraries of compounds, but in practice this 
approach
is time-consuming for drug-like com-pounds and may still produce 
libraries 
of relatively restricted diversity.
4. What is the most important is that a real HTS system and a real 
compound database are so expensive that only companies can afford them.
A normal medicinal chemistry lab can't afford it.

Bohdan W. etc. used a 64-processor SGI Origin2000 to dock a 1.1 million 
drug-like compounds and it took the workstation 6 days to finish the 
job. 
These compounds were docked into human alpha-estrogen receptor. after 
being docked and filtered by some supplementary descriptors, a set 
comprising
37 commercially available compounds were chosen to be assayed in a 
standard 
competitive radio-ligand binding assay. 21 exhibited an inhibition 
constant 
( Ki ) of 300 nM (nanomolar) or less, with the best compounds at 8 nM. 
Given 
the structural novelty of the hits (compounds known to possess 
estrogenic 
activity or to be structurally similar to known ligands were excluded 
> from 
assay), this represents a very positive result, demonstrating that 
virtual 
screening can readily identify potent ligands from a variety of 
structural 
classes. 

Maybe you will say:"a 64-processor SGI Origin2000 is very expensive." 
But 
if AEDock1.1 is used, then we only need to buy 2 PC 2.2GHz Intel CPU. A 
Dell Dimension 8200 PC with 2.2G Pentium 4 CPU and 256MB PC800 RDRAM 
(Rambus dynamic RAM) only costs you $1,689 in Feb 13,2002. The total 
is about $3,300. Several months later they can be bought at a cheaper 
price. I predict in the end of 2002 a PC with one single CPU can screen 
1M drug-like compounds with 0-10 rotatable bonds using whole molecule-
based 
flexible ligand/rigid receptor docking approach in 1 week because 
performances of CPU and search algorithm are keeping increasing. It 
means
that the hardware obstacle for the flexible docking/rigid receptor 
docking
to enter normal medicinal chemistry lab will disappear soon.

Comparison of molecular docking and pharmacophore queries or focused 2-
D 
property
the flexible ligand/rigid docking is more detailed and more objective 
than pharmacophore queries or focused 2-D property. Application of 
pharmacophore queries or focused 2-D property profiles may significantly
inhibit the diversity of the compound subset because they are biased 
by the properties of known ligands. In contrast, the molecular docking
program can process an entire chemical database with minimal 
pre-filtering (e.g., to eliminate unstable or toxic moieties) so that 
the final selection is based on the quality of the docked models rather 
than a subjective opinion of what properties are expected in a ligand. 
This route is a very promising one to find structurally novel ligands, 
which may make receptor interactions similar to known ligands.
The roles molecular docking plays in the drug design
1. find leads.
2. provide groups for chemists to modify the leads. When compounds are 
docked into the receptor,  the groups interacting with the subsites of 
the receptor should be ranked. Maybe the groups with good ranking plus 
leading compounds will lead to final products. (up to now I didn't find 
any paper on this role of the molecular docking, please tell me if you 
find any paper on this. )

So molecular docking provides not only leading compounds, but also 
suggest
you how to modify the leads. Oops, molecular docking provides a whole 
solution for drug discovery.

It sounds molecular docking very promising and will be popular soon.
Then why not to invest your money or energy in it? Please contact me 
if you are interested. Email:chen_jianquan@yahoo.com, Phone:(USA)732-
207-8147

In a word, the molecular docking will become a killer application to 
drug 
design. It will enter the normal medicinal chemistry labs, not only the 
big pharmaceutical companies.

The obstacles for the molecular docking to enter the medicinal 
chemistry lab
1. The virtual compound database. Now most of the scientist uses ACD-3D 
or ACD-SC from MDL as the compound database for screening. It will cost 
you about $15,000 to get a license of ACD-3D and ACD-SC on a single 
"Datastation" per year. But MDL allows you to share the ISIS databases 
with other scientists and so it will lower your cost. In addition you 
need a license of Enterprise Oracle database. It seems the database 
costs 
you lots of money. There is an alternative solution. A free NCI 3D 
compound 
database can be stored in free database such as Mysql. After being 
screened 
the final set of compound can be submitted to www.chemexper.com to know 
if 
the compound is commercially available. In addition Oracle database is 
too 
difficult for a chemist or molecular modeler to maintain. 

2. The available 3D macromolecular structures. Most of the 3D 
structures 
of macromolecules are not available.  Fortunately, ?structural genomics 
initiative begins to bring more and more 3D macromolecular structures 
and 
maybe computational protein folding will bring some reliable structures.

3. The scoring functions and the accuracy of the 3D macromolecular 
structures.
Not all crystallographic structures can be reproduced because the 
scoring 
function can't distinguish a correct binding mode from other putative 
modes 
for some cases or some crystallographic structures are not accurate 
enough. 
Please tell me that if you any paper on test a scoring functions using 
hundreds 
of PDB entries.

Please sent comments to chen_jianquan@yahoo.com or visit 
http://www20.brinkster.com/jianquan/aedock11/default.asp or my homepage
(http://www-ec.njit.edu/~jc26/). 

Note:(1) some contents are extracted from 
"Large-scale virtual screening for discovering leads in the postgenomic 
era", 
Waszkowycz, B.; Perkins, T. D. J.; Sykes, R. A.; Li, J. . IBM SYSTEMS 
J., 
2001, 40, 360-376.

(2) please include the web address of this paper 
(http://www20.brinkster.com/jianquan/aedock11/perspective.asp) 
and my name if you want to cite the opinions in this paper. 



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 02:41:17 2002
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Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 08:26:50 +0100
Subject: G98 and SGE
From: Etienne Derat <etienne.derat@univ-reims.fr>
To: <chemistry@ccl.net>
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Dear CCLers

Is there someone who uses Gaussian98 with the batch system from SUN i.e. Sun
Grid Engine?
When we launch  G98 jobs who request more than one processor with SGE, they
all fail. In interactif mode (without SGE) there is no problem.
For information, the computer is SMP.

Thanks for all,

Etienne

-- 

Etienne Derat
Doctorant
Groupe Modélisation et Réactivité Chimique
UMR 6519 "Réactions sélectives et Applications"
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
France

Tél : +33 3 26 91 32 45
Fax : +33 3 26 91 31 66



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 10:38:40 2002
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Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 10:38:05 -0500
From: "Renxiao Wang" <renxiao@med.umich.edu>
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Subject: =?Windows-874?Q?MDL#=20=97>=20CAS#=20=3F=3F=3F?=
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Hi, CCLers!

There are a number of compounds that we would like to obtain and test in our bioassays. But for some reasons we only know the MDL catalog numbers of these compounds. We are wondering if there is any website which can perform a convenient MDL# —> CAS# conversion? Please note that we are looking for something other than the MDL/ISIS system.

Any clue will be highly appreciated! We will put back the summary if the answers are informative.

Best regards,

Renxiao Wang, Ph.D.
University of Michigan Medical School



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 08:26:17 2002
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From: Christian.Pilger@bc.boehringer-ingelheim.com
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Subject: aqueous solubilities of organic compounds
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 14:25:58 +0100
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Dear CClers,

	currently I'm looking for methods and datasets for the prediction of
aqueous solubilities of organic (preferrably drug like) compounds. Though I
gained an overview about the literature published in this field and
commercial solutions offered to solve this problem, I doubt that this
overview is complete yet. Thus I would like to ask for your advice: are you
aware of methods to predict solubility ? Are you interested in an exchange
of experience dealing with different methods ? Did you ever come across
databases with experimentally determined solubilities, which might be
accessible ? Do you have own datasets, which you are willing to share ? 

Looking forward to hearing from you - all comments are appreciated. I will
provide a summary to the list. Sorry, if you received multiple copies of the
mail.

Cheers,

Christian
________________________________________________________________

   Dr. Christian Pilger

   Dept. Chemical Research / Structural Research
   J51-00-01
   Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG
   D-88397 Biberach/Germany
   Phone: 07351-545749
   Fax:     07351-5497924
   mailto: christian.pilger@bc.boehringer-ingelheim.com



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 05:59:17 2002
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Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 11:58:44 +0100 (MET)
From: Eugene Leitl <Eugene.Leitl@lrz.uni-muenchen.de>
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Subject: boost for research paper access
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1818000/1818652.stm

By BBC News Online's Ivan Noble

Plans to extend free access to scientific and academic research papers
have received a boost with the announcement of a $3m grant from financier
and philanthropist George Soros' Open Society Institute.

The literature that should be freely accessible online is that which
scholars give to the world without expectation of payment

Budapest Open Access Initiative
Open access advocate Professor Stevan Harnad of the University of
Southampton, UK, says the money could make it easier for academics wanting
to set up their own alternatives to commercially run journals.

"The vast potential benefits of open access to research and researchers
are already there... but the subsidy lowers the entry barriers for
would-be open-access initiatives," he said.

Critics of commercial journals say their subscription charges hamper
research at institutes and in countries where research budgets are tight.

They say that researchers write and review papers for free, so the
journals should not charge to read them.

"They don't want to get paid, what they want is that other researchers
should read and use their work," Professor Harnad told BBC News Online.

"The fact that their literature is treated for trade is anathema," he
said.

Budapest declaration

Some commercial journals have extended the amount of literature they make
available for free in response to a boycott campaign by scientists calling
themselves the Public Library of Science.

But journal publishers defend their charges as necessary to finance their
operations.

The new money for open alternatives comes as part of a new declaration
called the Budapest Open Access Initiative, signed by dozens of
institutions and hundreds of researchers.

They say they are not opposed to commercial journals, but want to see an
alternative system of free access journals and self- archiving set up in
parallel.

"The literature that should be freely accessible online is that which
scholars give to the world without expectation of payment," reads the
declaration.

It calls for "free availability on the public internet, permitting any
users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the
full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data
to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose".

Seed money

Professor Harnad's colleagues Chris Gutteridge and Rob Tansley developed a
piece of software called Eprints, which, they hope, makes the process of
publishing easier and therefore cheaper.

He says the Soros money could be used to "seed" schemes where academics
will pay a small fee to have their papers reviewed but users will pay
nothing to read them.

"To start up and fill an institutional Eprint Archive costs less than
$10,000; to start up and fill an alternative journal costs less than
$50,000; so $3m can do a lot of good in three years," he says.

More important though than the money, he adds, is for there to be a
critical mass of research available from free archives online.

"It's a question of when the dominos start falling," he said.



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 11:28:05 2002
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Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 10:47:36 -0500
From: "Dr. Richard L. Wood" <rlw28@cornell.edu>
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Hi all

A colleague of mine has a slight problem that I have been brought in to
help with and I am stumped.

Apparently, there was a subroutine developed in CHARMm called SBOUND
which is supposed to allow the user to specify the use of a spherical,
cubic, or
plane potential.

Well, we have learned (we think) that SBOUND contains an "undefined"
variable
called IBOUND, which is what allows the choice of spherical (IBOUND=1),
cubic
(IBOUND=2) or planar (IBOUND=3) potentials.  Thus, since IBOUND is not
defined
anywhere in the program (at least as far as SBOUND is concerned; there
is an IBOUND
used in an unrelated subroutine as an array) we cannot use "SBOUND",
so we have to input the potential in another way.

The question I have is this.  We have a "file" that defines a spherical
potential.
Does anyone out there know how we can generate a file having a planar
potential,
or does someone have a palnar potential file in the "correct" format
that we could use?

I would think that since there are many users of CHARMm out there that
someone
has encountered this problem before so that we don't have to reinvent
the wheel.
(BTW, I have seen Brooks' and Karplus's paper in J. Chem. Phys, vol. 79,
pp 6312 -
6325.)

Thanks in advance,
Richard

--
Richard L. Wood, Ph. D.
Physical/Computational Chemist
Post-doctoral Associate
Department of Food Science
120 Stocking Hall
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853





From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 12:06:16 2002
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Subject: Re: CCL:boost for research paper access 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 15 Feb 2002 11:58:44 +0100."
             <Pine.SOL.4.44.0202151157240.4928-100000@sun4.lrz-muenchen.de> 
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 09:05:58 -0800
From: "David Konerding, Ph.D." <dek@cgl.ucsf.EDU>

Eugene Leitl writes:
>
>"The literature that should be freely accessible online is that which
>scholars give to the world without expectation of payment," reads the
>declaration.

That's known as altruism.  I don't know any scientists who publish anything
without some expectation of payment- in the form of credit, attention, or money.

>
>It calls for "free availability on the public internet, permitting any
>users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the
>full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data
>to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose".

As much as this sounds like a good idea, making journal articles freely
available on the internet has a lot of hidden costs.  Providing the web server
hardware, internet connectivity, and maintaining the site are only the first
costs that come to mind.  Making sure the articles aren't written by cranks
who can produce semi-scientific sounding text that means absolutely nothing
has a cost- you have to hire somebody who's an expert in that area.

George Soros has a lot of money- probably enough to float a project
like this for many years- but I don't really expect the service to be
"free" nor do I expect these free online journals to ever achieve the
prominence (IE influenceable readership) that some print journals
have.



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 12:31:03 2002
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Subject: Re: CCL:boost for research paper access 
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On Fri, 15 Feb 2002, David Konerding, Ph.D. wrote:

> That's known as altruism.  I don't know any scientists who publish
> anything without some expectation of payment- in the form of credit,
> attention, or money.

Do I publish or act as a reviewer in Nature or JACS for the financial
gain? Hardly.

Credit/attention is reputation, and is orthogonal to the medium being
commercial. It's just commercial journals were there first, and have
accrued reputation themselves. It can be argued that e.g.
http://xxx.lanl.gov has by now attracted sufficient amount of reputation
that authors can begin accruing reputation based on a (preferably,
digitally signed)  published paper trail. The reason this has not happened
yet is that the users are conservative or simply unaware of the
possibilities. Clearly, established journals also have an interest in
locking their user base, e.g. by not accepting papers already published in
an electronic preprint archive. Writing papers takes effort, so a user
would tend to submit good papers to a high-impact journal for the sake of
securing her grants.

> As much as this sounds like a good idea, making journal articles freely
> available on the internet has a lot of hidden costs.  Providing the web
> server hardware, internet connectivity, and maintaining the site are

First two items can be had for about $10/month on the free market right
now. The incremental costs are negligable in the current academic and
industrial IT infrastructure. The costs to you are zero if you're using an
existing service such as xxx.lanl.gov

> only the first costs that come to mind.  Making sure the articles aren't

Site administration is negligable, if papers are submitted via a simple
interface by the authors themselves (or their grad students), and
published semiautomatically.

	http://lanl.arxiv.org/help/submit

> written by cranks who can produce semi-scientific sounding text that
> means absolutely nothing has a cost- you have to hire somebody who's an
> expert in that area.

xxx.lanl.gov is not a refereed site. It is of course possible to
transparently add such a layer to an existing publishing service, which
may or may not be commercial. Collaborative consensus filtering should
be sufficient to remove the bulk of cranks and kooks by an enduser-driven
process.

> George Soros has a lot of money- probably enough to float a project like
> this for many years- but I don't really expect the service to be "free"
> nor do I expect these free online journals to ever achieve the
> prominence (IE influenceable readership) that some print journals have.

I think chemists are just more conservative that the average xxx.lanl.gov
user.



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 15:16:53 2002
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Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 12:19:33 -0800
To: Christian.Pilger@bc.boehringer-ingelheim.com
From: David Gallagher <dgallagher@cachesoftware.com>
Subject: Re: CCL:aqueous solubilities of organic compounds
Cc: chemistry@ccl.net
In-Reply-To: <D5D07F02D28ED4118775009027E5CCDB8D5468@BC0EXCH9.bc.de.bic>
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Hi Christian,
There is a zipped file which includes a water solubility QSPR  along with 
the calibration set of 156 environmentally significant organic molecules 
and water solubility data available at: 
http://www.cachesoftware.com/downloads/LogW.zip The QSPR uses descriptors 
calculated by MOPAC-COSMO. The r^2 correlation is 0.95.

It is located on: http://www.cachesoftware.com/cache/applications.shtml If 
you do not already have the CAChe software to open the files, you can 
download a free evaluation copy from the same site.

David Gallagher, Fujitsu


At 02:25 PM 2/15/2002 +0100, Christian.Pilger@bc.boehringer-ingelheim.com 
wrote:
>Dear CClers,
>
>         currently I'm looking for methods and datasets for the prediction of
>aqueous solubilities of organic (preferrably drug like) compounds. Though I
>gained an overview about the literature published in this field and
>commercial solutions offered to solve this problem, I doubt that this
>overview is complete yet. Thus I would like to ask for your advice: are you
>aware of methods to predict solubility ? Are you interested in an exchange
>of experience dealing with different methods ? Did you ever come across
>databases with experimentally determined solubilities, which might be
>accessible ? Do you have own datasets, which you are willing to share ?
>
>Looking forward to hearing from you - all comments are appreciated. I will
>provide a summary to the list. Sorry, if you received multiple copies of the
>mail.
>
>Cheers,
>
>Christian
>________________________________________________________________
>
>    Dr. Christian Pilger
>
>    Dept. Chemical Research / Structural Research
>    J51-00-01
>    Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG
>    D-88397 Biberach/Germany
>    Phone: 07351-545749
>    Fax:     07351-5497924
>    mailto: christian.pilger@bc.boehringer-ingelheim.com
>



From chemistry-request@server.ccl.net Fri Feb 15 23:59:39 2002
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Date: Sat, 16 Feb 2002 13:59:19 +0900 (JST)
Message-Id: <200202160459.g1G4xJk29453@nanolc.jst.go.jp>
To: chemistry@ccl.net
Cc: yoneya@nanolc.jst.go.jp
Subject: 2-D XRD pattern software
From: yoneya@nanolc.jst.go.jp
X-Mailer: mnews [version 1.22PL4] 2000-05/28(Sun)

Dear CCL peoples:

Does anybody knows freewares to calculate 2-D X-ray diffraction
patterns from atomic coordinates/trajectory generated by MD
simulations.

Thank you for advance.

Makoto Yoneya (Dr.)
yoneya@nanolc.jst.go.jp
Yokoyama Nano-structured Liquid Crystal Project
Tskukuba JAPAN

