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Dear CCLers,

I'm looking for the Spin-orbit coupling value between the singlet and
triplet of the 1,4-diradical coming from the addition of 3(acrolein) 
to 1(C2H4).

Any references will be appreciated.



From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 04:20:32 1999
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From: "Ivan I. Oleinik" <ivan.oleinik@materials.oxford.ac.uk>
To: Fernando Vila <fer@theory6.chem.pitt.edu>
cc: Computational Chemistry List <chemistry@ccl.net>
Subject: Re: CCL:G:Damped Coulomb Potential Summary
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Fernando,

Explicit calculation of matrix element of the 'dumped Coulomb potential'
(error function/R) with gaussians is in the paper of G. Lippert, J. Hutter
and M. Parrinello " A hybrid Gaussian and plain wave denisty functional
scheme", Mol Phys 92 (1997) pp 477-487. 

They have error function in the local part of the pseudopotential. On page
481 they write: "

          erf(a|r-R|)
 V(r) =  -------------
             |r-R|

can be regarded as the Coulomb potential originating from a Gaussian
charge centered at R".

Formula (34) immediately gives the answer.

Ivan Oleinik

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ivan I. Oleinik                 E-mail : ivan.oleinik@materials.ox.ac.uk
Department of Materials
University of Oxford
Parks Road
Oxford OX1 3PH                     Tel : +44 (0)1865 283325
United Kingdom                     Fax : +44 (0)1865 273764 
------------------------------------------------------------------------





> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > On Wed, 10 Mar 1999, Fernando Vila wrote:

> Dear Fellows;
> 
>    I would like to thank all the people that replied to me request. Right
> after I sent my e-mail to the list I decided to give it a new try. At the
> very beginning of my equations I found an error that was complicating
> everything. After I fixed that the integrals turned out to be
> embarrassingly easy, easier than those including only the Coulomb
> potential. The references you sent will be useful to double check my
> results.
> 
> My original question was:
> 
> Dear Fellows,
> 
>    For the past weeks I have been trying to calculate the matrix elements
> for a damped Coulomb potential to no avail. The potential has the form:
> 
>          erf(a|r-R|)
> V(r) =  -------------
>             |r-R|
> 
> where r and R are position vectors and erf(t) is the error function:
> 
>              2       t
> erf(t) = -------- int  exp(-x^2) dx.
>          PI^(1/2)    0
> 
> The matrix elements then are of the form:
> 
>                                      erf(a|r-R|) gij
> <gi|V|gj> = int gi V(r) gj dr = int ----------------- dr
>                                         |r-R|
> 
> Here gi are spherical Gaussians and gij is the resulting Gaussian from the
> Gaussian Product Theorem.
> 
> I have tried using techniques similar to those used for the calculation of
> the pure Coulomb potential (based on Fourier or Laplace transforms) but
> the usual cancellation is not complete.
> 
> Any pointers to papers, books or web pages are welcome.. The complete
> solution is also very much welcome.. :-)
> 
> Thanks to all in advance, Fer.
> 
> Here is a summary of the replies I received:
> 
> ==========================================================================
> From: koelmel <koelmel@inetworld.net>
> 
> Hi,
> 
> Lecture Notes in Chemistry, vol. 48, authored by C. Pisani, R. Dovesi
> and C. Roetti, titled
> "Hartree-Fock Ab Initio Treatment of Crystalline Systems"
> (1988, springer)
> 
> may be a useful reference. What you're looking for is mentioned
> on page 60.
> 
> One way is to convert 1/r into an integral using the Laplace transform
> trick, then change the order of integration, I think.
> 
> Hope this helps somewhat
> 
> Cheers,
> Christoph
> 
> ==========================================================================
> From: Frank Jensen <frj@dou.dk>
> 
> 	Try looking up some of Peter Gill's work in
> recent years. They have played with screened
> Coulomb potentials.
> 	Frank
> 
> 
> ==========================================================================
> From: Norge Cruz Hernandez <norge@helios.us.es>
> 
> Hi ,
> 
> Try to see :
> 
> S. Obara and A. Saika.
> J. Chem. Phys. 84(7), 3963 
> 
> best regard 
> Norge
> 
> ==========================================================================
> From: "Jeremy P. Dombroski" <jack@jubilee.q-chem.com>
> 
> Dear Fernando:
> 
> This is work that myself, Professor Peter Gill and Dr Ross Adamson have
> spent considerable time on (in particular, the latter). We have recently
> published an article in J. Comp. Chem. and if you contact Ross at
> ross@theor.ch.cam.ac.uk he may provide you with a preprint should the
> article not yet be in print.
> 
> Q-Chem 1.2 performs O(N) damped Coulomb SCF calculations, including
> energies, optimizations and frequencies using what we have called the
> CASE approximation where we replace all occurrences of the Coulomb
> operator with the so-called Damped Coulomb potential.
> 
> May I ask where your research interest lies in this damped Coulomb
> potential?
> 
> Regards,
> Jeremy Dombroski
> 
> 
> ==========================================================================
> From: "Jan H. Jensen" <jhjensen@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu>
> 
> Hello,
> 	I believe Peter Gill at Cambridge has worked on something quite
> similar.  I don't have any references on hand.
> 
> 	Best regards,
> 
> 			Jan Jensen
> 
> *******************************************************************************
> Fernando D. Vila       
> Department of Chemistry              Voice    (412)624-8691
> University of Pittsburgh             Fax      (412)624-8552             
> Box 90 Chevron Science Center        E-mail   fer@theory6.chem.pitt.edu
> Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA            WWW      http://www.pitt.edu/~fer
> *******************************************************************************
> 
> 
> 
> -------This is added Automatically by the Software--------
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> 


From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 08:38:29 1999
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Dear colleagues,

Does anybody know of any reviews or related papers on second order CI
(SOCI)?

Thanks in advance, I will summarize for the list.

Sincerely,

************************************************************
* Ioannis S. Kerkines                                      *
* M.Sc. Student in Physical Chemistry                      *
* Department of Chemistry / University of Athens           *
* Panepistimiopolis      Tel: ++30 1 727-4569              *
* Zographou, 157 10      FAX: ++30 1 723-3219              *
* HELLAS (Greece)        Email: jkerk@arnold.chem.uoa.gr   *
************************************************************



From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Wed Mar 10 03:40:57 1999
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From: knapp@chemie.fu-berlin.de (Ernst-Walter Knapp)
Subject: graduate student position in comp. chem. 
To: CHEMISTRY@www.ccl.net
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Graduate position (BAT 2A half)  in Computational (Bio)(physics)chemistry

At the Chemistry Department of the Free University of Berlin, there is a position to do PhD 
work available. Beside research work, during the terms also two hours per week tutorial work 
in German language needs to be done. 

Our group in Computational Biophysics/Biochemistry is active in modeling and computer simulation
of proteins. One focus is protein folding and structure prediction, where we develop our own
methods. But we also calculate vibrational spectra, protonation pattern, proton and electron
transfer processes and reaction mechanisms in proteins using different methods. Further details
can be obtained from our home page: http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/~knapp/ 

Our group members are from chemistry, biochemistry, physics and mathematics. If you are
interested to do such interdisciplinary research work, please contact me by email:
Knapp@Chemie.FU-Berlin.de



|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Dr. Ernst-Walter Knapp                                             |
|  Freie Universitaet Berlin                    Tel.: +49 30 838 4387 |
|  Fachbereich Chemie                           Fax.: +49 30 838 3464 |
|  Institut fuer Kristallographie                                     |
|  Takustrasse 6                    E-mail: Knapp@Chemie.FU-Berlin.de |
|  D-14195 Berlin                                                     |
|  Germany           www: http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/~knapp/ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------|



From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Wed Mar 10 06:50:12 1999
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Date: Wed, 10 Mar 1999 11:49:27 +0000 (GMT)
From: Andrew Horsfield <andrew.horsfield@materials.oxford.ac.uk>
Reply-To: Andrew Horsfield <andrew.horsfield@materials.oxford.ac.uk>
To: CCL mail list <chemistry@www.ccl.net>
Subject: Non-radiative transitions
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I have just implemented the "fewest switches" algorithm of John Tully for
carrying out non-adiabatic molecular dynamics in an LCAO code (which can
use either tight binding or density functional theory). I plan to use this
code to study non-radiative transitions in silicon.

My first problem is to find some simple systems for which answers are
already known in order to debug the code. Ideally I would like to use a
hydrocarbon or silicon based system since I have reliable tight binding
models for these. Does anyone know of calculated or experimental
non-radiative transition rates for such systems? 

Best regards,

Andrew

  +----------------------------------------------------+
   Andrew Horsfield       e-mail: horsfield@fecit.co.uk 
     FECIT, 2 Longwalk Road, Stockley Park, Uxbridge,   
          Middlesex UB11 1AB, United Kingdom.           
   phone: +44-(0)181-606-4653  FAX: +44-(0)181-606-4422 
  +----------------------------------------------------+



From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Wed Mar 10 07:47:51 1999
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Date: Wed, 10 Mar 1999 08:50:29 +0300
From: "Victor E. Kuz'min" <victor@farlep.net>
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Subject: CCL:SUMMARY:Drawings--->Structure
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Dear CCL'ers,

 The original question and the replies received up to now are shown
 below. My big thanks to to Lewis Jardine, Tamas Gunda, Doug Henry, Rob
Williams.

    best regards,
                       VEK
--------------------------------------------------q---

>  Dear Colleagues,
> Whether there is a software for conversion of a graphics image of
> molecular structure ( for example: *.gif, *.jpg, …. etc) in files such

> as *.mol, *.hin, *.pdb, ….? This is a peculiar kind of OCR for the
> structural formulas. It will enable for scanned drawings to get the
> structural file. Is it possible? I shall be grateful for any
guidelines
> or tips.
>
> With best regards,
>                                           VEK

------------------------------------------------------



--------------------------------------------------r1--
> Hello Victor
>
> This functionality will be added to ChemSymphony in the near future.
> We have already added it to an application that we are developing
> to access Daylight and it will be migrated to standard ChemSymphony
> Beans in the near future.
>
> However, we will only be covering .JPG & .PNG as there are
> licensing and royalty problems with using GIFs (also it is
> an out-of-date format).  Secondly we do not have a .hin filter
> at the present, although we have provided documentation on how
> to write and add extra filters.
>
> See our website for the range of beans available.
>
> Cheers
>         Lewis
>
>
>
---
---
>       Dr. Lewis Jardine               |  e-mail:   lewis@cherwell.com
>       ChemSymphony Team Leader        |  Phone:    +44 (0)1865 784810
>       Cherwell Scientific Publishing  |  Fax:      +44 (0)1865 784801
>       Oxford Science Park             |  http://www.cherwell.com/
>       OX4 4GA, UK                     |  http://www.chemsymphony.com/
>
---
---
>
>

------------------------------------------------------



--------------------------------------------------r2--
> As far as I remember, there is a program called Kekule somewhere
> out there, which was designed to convert scanned structural images
> to molfiles
>
> Hope this helps
>
> Tamas
>
>
>
************************************************************************

>    Dr Tamas E. Gunda                   phone: (+36-52) 316666-2479
>    Research Group of Antibiotics       fax  : (+36-52) 310936
>    L. Kossuth University               e-mail:
tamasgunda@tigris.klte.hu
>    POBox 36                            http://www.klte.hu/~gundat
>    H-4010 Debrecen
>    Hungary
>
************************************************************************

------------------------------------------------------



--------------------------------------------------r3--
> Subject:
>              RE: CCL:Drawings--->Stuctural file
>         Date:
>              Fri, 5 Mar 1999 08:51:03 -0800
>        From:
>              Doug Henry <Dough@mdli.com>
>  Organization:
>              Farlep-Internet
>           To:
>              "'Victor E. Kuz'min'" <victor@farlep.net>
>
>
>
>
> The Kekule Program from Oxford Molecular (www.oxmol.com) does this.
>

------------------------------------------------------



--------------------------------------------------r4--
> Kekule is supplied by Oxford Molecular. You can find more information
> at:
>
> http://www.oxmol.co.uk/prods/kekule/
>
> I hope this is what you need.
>
> Thanks,
> Rob
>
> --
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> Dr Rob Williams                            Tel: (+44) 1865 784600
> Deputy Engineering Manager                 Fax: (+44) 1865 784601
> Oxford Molecular Limited                E-mail: rwilliams@oxmol.co.uk
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------


--
 >____<     >____<     >____<     >____<     >____<     >____<
/|@\/@|\   /|@\/@|\   /|@\/@|\   /|@\/@|\   /|@\/@|\   /|@\/@|\
(\____/)   (\____/)   (\____/)   (\____/)   (\____/)   (\____/)
--"--"-------"--"-------"--"-------"--"-------"--"-------"--"----

Victor E. Kuz'min              National Academy of Science of Ukraine
 Head  Scientist               A.V.Bogatsky Phys.- Chem. Institute
Deputy Head of Department of Thermodynamics & Theoretical Chemistry
                      86 Lustdorfskaja doroga, 270080, Odessa, Ukraine
   Home:                                      Office:
38(0482) 631389                 38(0482) 225127   Fax 38(0482) 652012
mailto:victor@farlep.net                    mailto:vek@pci.farlep.net






From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Wed Mar 10 12:48:26 1999
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From: "Stefan Fau" <fau@chemie.uni-marburg.de>
To: "Joseph W. Bausch" <bausch@chem.vill.edu>
Cc: "CCL" <CHEMISTRY@www.ccl.net>
Subject: RE: G:getting data from vibrational frequencies
Date: Wed, 10 Mar 1999 18:49:20 +0100
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Dear JWB,

you can create a distorted geometry by manually adding the vector of the chosen vibrational mode to the coordinates as given in the Standard Orientation. You can also use a small program called xvibs (available in the CCL archive) for the same purpose.
It will produce a set of geometries that are distorted in varying 
degrees (geoms for a "video"), but you can delete unwanted geometries. 
I think you may get 6 numbers per line. In that case you are interested 
in the first three numbers.

Alternatively you can use "molden -A" and the z-matrix editor (Gaussian 
style). The "-A" prevents molden from reordering the atoms when creating 
the new z-matrix. You can then alter the most important variables manually. 

> I have an optimized geometry (using Gaussian94) of a highly symmetrical
> molecule.  A frequency calculation indicates that it is a saddle point,
> with 4 imaginary frequencies.  I have animated these frequencies using
> MOLDEN.  I would like to reoptimize this structure "following" the changes
> as indicated by each of the four imaginary frequencies (I'm hoping that it
> will lead down to a transition state).  Is there any easy way to get
> MOLDEN, or any other program, to give starting coordinates 
> corresponding to
> the geometries just slightly perturbed from this optimized geometry?
> 
> I'll summarize if there is sufficient interest,
> JWB
> bausch@chem.vill.edu
______________________________________________________________________
Dr. Stefan Fau
Fachbereich Chemie, AK Frenking
Philipps-Universität Marburg
35032 Marburg, Germany
fau@chemie.uni-marburg.de



From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Wed Mar 10 18:32:39 1999
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From: "Joseph W. Bausch" <bausch@chem.vill.edu>
Subject: summary:  getting data from vibrational frequencies



Last night I posted the following to the CCL:

--------
I have an optimized geometry (using Gaussian94) of a highly symmetrical
molecule.  A frequency calculation indicates that it is a saddle point,
with 4 imaginary frequencies.  I have animated these frequencies using
MOLDEN.  I would like to reoptimize this structure "following" the changes
as indicated by each of the four imaginary frequencies (I'm hoping that it
will lead down to a transition state).  Is there any easy way to get
MOLDEN, or any other program, to give starting coordinates corresponding to
the geometries just slightly perturbed from this optimized geometry?
--------

As usual, the CCL community has been a big help!  It turns out that the
MOLDEN program does just what I need, as indicated below by the author of
MOLDEN.  The other responses I got are also quite informative, so I have
included them all.

Thanks to everyone that responded,
JWB

---
#1

From: Gijs Schaftenaar <schaft@caos.kun.nl>

molden has a commandline flag '-w opt' where opt can be 1 or 2,
'-w 1' will make molden write out a freqN.dat file with a series of xyz
geometries when you select a frequency, '-w 2' does the same only now
the file contains a series of mopac z-matrices. (molden can read these files
back in, now use the 'Select Point' section to display them).
The molden molden -d commandline flag will make molden print the equilibrium
geometry and the Normal Mode displacements.

Best Regards,

Gijs Schaftenaar

Author of Molden

---
#2

From: chmmai@nus.edu.sg (Dr. Ida N. L. Ma)

Excel.  What you need is to get the geom in Standard orientation, and then
the displacement vector of the mode you are interested in:

        final displacement = original coordinate +(factor)*displacement vector

        where factor is a number, representing how much you want to
displace along the vector.  The small the number, the smaller the
displacement.

---
#3

From: Matthias Hofmann <hofmann2@zopyros.ccqc.uga.edu>

Molecule can do what you ask for. This program was written for the Mac by
Nico Hommes who is at the University of Erlangen, Germany.
It allows you to specify how many pictures to be generated for the
animation and each can be used for generating a new input geometry.
In this way you can choose between a small or larger distortion.

But the program is not free.
For further information have a look at:
http://www.ccc.uni-erlangen.de/hommes/molecule/index.html

---
#4

From: Dmitry Khoroshun <dima@euch4e.chem.emory.edu>

Molecule for Macintosh by van Eikema Hommes can do some
steps along the specified directions.

---
#5

From: Pablo Vitoria Garcia <qibvigap@lg.ehu.es>

Viewmol will let you distort the molecule (and change the degree of
perturbation) and save the new coordinates. I send you as an attachment
some information about the program (which is freely available).

---
#6

From: Stefan Konietzny <konietz@chemie.uni-kl.de>

there is a tool called xvibs. It produces a
trajectory xyz file out of a frequency output.
I use it with gOpenMol by Leif Laaksonen.
For a chosen vibration you can cut out the desired orientation and put it
back into your input, and hopefully the optimization goes down the hill.
If you like i can send you the source.

This is the beginning of the source:
xvibs
  version 4.0.1 (August 1997)

This program produces XYZ animation files for molecular vibrations
represented by normal modes taken from output files from Aces2,
Gamess, and Gaussian. The program autosenses what output file is
given. It writes separate files, one simple cosine trajectory for
particular normal mode. Vectors representing the normal coordinate are
attached to the atoms, which is useful for a static picture.

This program is not copyrighted. You are welcome to extend it,
or send your files to basmith@pollux.chem.umn.edu and I will gladly
extend it for you.

Send bug reports to: basmith@pollux.chem.umn.edu
-cut-
Written in 1990 by Milan Hodoscek
Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Modified for XMOL 1992 @NIH, Bethesda, MD
Modified again Fred Brouwer Univ. of Amsterdam 1994
to include vectors (fred@org.chem.uva.nl (Fred Brouwer))
Modified to accept G94, Yos Ginting (Yos.Ginting@chem.utas.edu.au)
Modified by Jan Labanowski, jkl@ccl.net to accept input from GAMESS and
ACESS
Rewritten by Bradley A. Smith, (http://pollux.chem.umn.edu/~basmith/,
                                basmith@pollux.chem.umn.edu)

---
#7

From: Elmar Gerwalin <gerwalin@rhrk.uni-kl.de>

I use xvibs to do exactly this.
xvibs is simple "C"-program , available as source code, but should be
easily to compile:
use:
cc xvibs.c -lm

See the file xvibs.c for further informations.
Now for the thing you need:

xvibs extrcats the normal modes from a g94-output and creates an
"xyz"-file (don't worry :-) ) for each mode you tell him.
(E.g. xvibs water.out 3    creates a file water.003.xyz
(or something like that) which contains a series of 20 (!)
cartesian coordinates for this mode.
So , first, programs that can animate xyz-files (like xmol) can show the mode
(like molden does)

second: you can cut out the 10th (NOT the last, because it's a loop:
the 20th is equal to the 1st) section of coordinates and use this as
NEW gaussian input !
This works fine when you want to follow 1 mode.

For more modes, I have no idea yet but to perform this procedure

Oh, xvibs is available (free) anywhere in the Web.
I don't know the Original source now, but you might find it at:
http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/ftp/ftp/share/xvibs/doc/   or:
http://www.arl.hpc.mil/PET/cta/ccm/training/courses/scivis/xvibs/
or use a search engine..

---
#8

From: Karl Irikura <karl.irikura@nist.gov>

I have an awk script that will displace the geometry along a selected
normal mode.  It's attached; I hope it helps!

---
#9

From: "Stefan Fau" <fau@chemie.uni-marburg.de>

you can create a distorted geometry by manually adding the vector of the
chosen vibrational mode to the coordinates as given in the Standard
Orientation. You can also use a small program called xvibs (available in
the CCL archive) for the same purpose.
It will produce a set of geometries that are distorted in varying
degrees (geoms for a "video"), but you can delete unwanted geometries.
I think you may get 6 numbers per line. In that case you are interested
in the first three numbers.

Alternatively you can use "molden -A" and the z-matrix editor (Gaussian
style). The "-A" prevents molden from reordering the atoms when creating
the new z-matrix. You can then alter the most important variables manually.

---
#10

From: "E. Lewars" <elewars@alchemy.chem.utoronto.ca>

Hello, concerning your inquiry about the 4th-order saddle point:

I suppose you wish to relax it to a transition state (1st-order saddle) or to
a minimum. I don't know of a program that will *automatically* decrease the
symmetry and thus give an input geometry that when optimized will be a TS
or a min. You may be able to break the symmetry by inspecting the Cartesians
of your structure and then slightly altering a pair (or more than one pair)
and reoptimizing. If you have a good graphical interface like Spartan has,
you could alter bond lengths very simply in the builder, then reoptimize.
If you used a Z-matrix you can break the symmetry by making previously equal
parameters unequal.

---
#11

From: jmmckel@ibm.net

Perhaps take the optimized structure coordinates R for which you calculated the
frequencies. One at a time add a small percentage of the FG eigenvectors
for each
of the four modes and reoptimize.

Recently I read an article on the optimization of tetramethyl silane with high
symmetry which was quite similar.  Turns out that using the keyword "tight"
eliminated the four imaginary frequencies and dropped the cymmetry to Cs
with no
imaginary frequencies.

---















From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 13:38:24 1999
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Date: Thu, 11 Mar 1999 12:30:51 -0700
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Dear Colleagues,

Last time I was visiting my dentist, he asked me how Avogadro
could come with his number at that time. Shame to me I was
not able to answer and I do not have a proper text book or
a time to do this small history research. However, since this
number links computational chemists to the "real world", I
would appreciate if someone takes his time to send me a short
story. I am sure someone has it in his lectures notes. It
is probably interesting for other people, since we have
many students on this list.

Thank you in advance,

Anatoli Korkin

From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 13:46:15 1999
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Dear CCLers,
I would like to fix some atoms to their starting positions during the
optimization in G94. I know the possibitity how to do it in G98 - in
input file after the atom name which shoul be frozen, you have to write
value -1 and next give the cartesian cooridinates of the atom. However
it does not work in G94. Does anybody know how to do it in G94 version?
I known that I can froze some geometrical parametrs (torsion angles
etc.) but I prefer rather fixing the atom position on its nuclei.  
Thank You very much for any suggestions.

Jola Gremebcka
Institute of Organic Chemistry Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Wroclaw University of Technology

From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 13:47:11 1999
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Dear CCLers
I need to add torsional parameters for phosphoamidate bound to Cff97
force field because they are not included in this force field. Does
enyone know what type of calculations I should perform to obtain
appropriate parameters? I am also interested in findig of the literature
in this subject.
Thank You for help.

Jola Grembecka
Institute of Organic Chemistry Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Wroclaw Univeristy of Technology

From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 15:50:23 1999
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On Thu, 11 Mar 1999, Anatoli Korkin wrote:

> Dear Colleagues,
> 
> Last time I was visiting my dentist, he asked me how Avogadro
> could come with his number at that time. 
i think he only came up with the idea of a mole and relatvie proportions.

someone else actually came up with the number after boltzmann & maxwell
came up with the necessary stat. mech.


> number links computational chemists to the "real world", I
> would appreciate if someone takes his time to send me a short
> story. I am sure someone has it in his lectures notes. It
for an excellent story.  see asimov's chemistry. it has lots of short
bio's and stories.

charwel@chrs1.chem.lsu.edu


From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 17:00:29 1999
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To: Anatoli Korkin <r40757@email.mot.com>, <chemistry@www.ccl.net>
From: "Robert E. Harris" <HarrisR@missouri.edu>
Subject: Re: CCL:Avogadro's number


Avogadro didn't come up with the number.  He asserted that equal volumes of
gases (under the same conditions) contqined equal numbers of molecules.
The first really good estimates of the Avogadro constant came from the
determination of the electron charge, which can be compared with Faraday's
number (the charge on a mole of +1 ions) to give the Avogadro constant as
the ratio.  I think the modern value comes from the lattice spacing in
high-ourity silicon compared with the density of the silicon.
Robert E. Harris



From chemistry-request@www.ccl.net  Thu Mar 11 19:03:21 1999
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Subject: Re: CCL:Avogadro's number
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Avogadro was long dead and buried when a quantity was assigned to
"equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of particles'
I recall that at one time there was thirteen(13) differewnt ways of 
determining 6.02...x 10ee23.  The one I like best is from X-ray
crystallagraphy KBr in a unit cubic or similar calculations.
Students grasp this easily.

















