ORACLE 8.1.7.0.1 install for Linux

Oracle 8.1.7.0.1 for RedHat Linux 7.0
These are my notes (jkl@ccl.net, Jan Labanowski) on installing
Oracle 8.1.7.0.1 for Linux on my Laptop (Dell Inspiron 5000e,
Pentium III 700MHz, 192MB memory, with 3 128Meg
swap partitions (SwapTotal: 385440 kB as given by: cat /proc/meminfo).
I am using RH Linux 7.0 with current updates (as of end of Jan., 2001)
I am using KDE as my desktop environment in X-windows.
Frankly, I do not encourage installing Oracle on RH7.0 at this time.
I installed on two computers following the script to the letter, and on
one it works, and on another it does not... It probably depends
what was my history of updates and upgrades... So do yourself a favor
and install it on RH6.2 if you can.

Disclaimer: All below is a nonsence. If you want to learn the truth, hire
a competent lawyer. They will tell you what is right for a fee.

Getting Oracle and Docs
First, I went to the Oracle OTN site: http://otn.oracle.com/ and clicked on:
"Top Downloads" and Oracle8i Database on the top of right column.
It lead me to: http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/oracle8i/software_index.htm.
From there I clicked on Oracle 8i Downloads, Release 3, Version 8.1.7
"Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 3 (8.1.7.0.1) for Linux (Intel), with OPS"
I had to sign up, etc, and finally downloaded over 500MBytes tar file.
I also downloaded Installation and Release Notes as PDF files.
Then I went to documentation site http://otn.oracle.com/docs/index.htm
and kept downloading PDF files until I filled up my disk {:-)}.

I then burned a CD with all this stuff, so I have an easy way to keep
reinstalling and trying, and erasing, and trying again. {:-(}.

Beside the "official" Installation Manual from Oracle, I also looked for
the docs on the web, and found:
http://jordan.fortwayne.com/oracle/817.html (my local copy is here)
which I am following closely here (great page), and
http://www.zx81.org.uk/computing/oracle/oracle-howto/oracle-howto.html
(my local copy is here) which is slightly out of date by full
of great ideas and prescriptions when you actually want to use Oracle.

Recompiling Linux kernel
The Oracle Installation Guide from Oracle tells you to change your kernel
parameters and then recompile the kernel. Oracle uses a lot of memory, and
while people say it is OK not to modify the kernel, I tried to do what they
suggest in the Oracle Installation Guide. First, I had to get the kernel
RPM sources out of the RH7.0 CD. They are on the 1st and 4th CD from RH 7.0
distribution.
Before messing the kernel, I made a boot disk just in case:

cd /boot
mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 2.2.16-22

First, try not to get any RPMs, since you may have already installed them
when you were installing your Linux on your computer.
Only if it does not want to compile new kernel, then try get the stuff from
the CDs (or network, e.g.: rufus.w3.org aka www.rpmfind.net)
Start with 4th CD of RedHat 7.0 distribution.

mount /mnt/cdrom
cd mnt/cdrom/SRPMS
rpm -Uhv kernel*rpm

which should show something like:
kernel ##################################################
kernel24 ##################################################
kernelcfg ##################################################

Then do:

rpm -Uhv dev86-0.15.0-5.src.rpm

I also mounted the 1st RedHat CD.

mount /mnt/cdrom
cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS

rpm -Uhv kernel-doc-2.2.16-22.i386.rpm

and also:

rpm -Uhv kernel-headers-2.4.0-0.26.i386.rpm \
kernel-source-2.2.16-22.i386.rpm \
kernel-utils-2.2.16-22.i386.rpm \
kernel-headers-2.4.0-0.26.i386.rpm

but it told me that those are already installed (just checking -- I always
install Linux with kernel development packages, so I expected that these
are there).

Then I made the following changes, as suggested on the page 2-2 of Oracle
Installation Guide:

cd /usr/src/linux/include/asm
cp -p shmparam.h shmparam.h-orig

and edited shmparam.h:

#define SHMMAX 0x2000000 --> #define SHMMAX 0x6000000
(I have 192Megs, i.e., 0xc000000, so half of it is

#define SHMMNI (1<<_SHM_ID_BITS) --> #define SHMMNI 100
#define SHMSEG SHMMNI --> #define SHMSEG 10

and then

cd /usr/src/linux/include/linux
cp -p sem.h sem.h-orig

end edited:
#define SEMOPM 32 --> #define SEMOPM 100

Then I went to recompile the kernel:

cd /usr/src/linux
make distclean
make mrproper
make xconfig

The last one brought a GUI.

then clicked on "Save and Exit"

and

make dep
make clean

then edited the Makefile in /usr/src/linux and changed:
EXTRAVERSION = -22 --> EXTRAVERSION = -22jkl
and
CC :=$(shell if which $(CROSS_COMPILE)kgcc > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo $(CROSS_COMPILE)kgcc; else echo $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc; fi)
-D__KERNEL__ -I$(HPATH)
to a simple:
CC =$(CROSS_COMPILE)kgcc -D__KERNEL__ -I$(HPATH)

Finally, did:

make bzImage

It surprized me, since it finished without errors...
Now, I copied the stuff:

cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16-22jkl
cd /etc
cp -p lilo.conf lilo.conf.orig

Then edited lilo.conf and added a block for "test" kernel:

boot=/dev/hda2
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
message=/boot/message
linear
default=test

image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16-22
label=linux
read-only
root=/dev/hda8

image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16-22jkl
label=test
read-only
root=/dev/hda8

other=/dev/hda1
label=dos

Since I was not changing the modules, I just did the symbolic link:

ln -s /lib/modules/2.2.16-22 /lib/modules/2.2.16-22jkl

Then I ran mkinitrd to create RAM disk to be able to make boot diskette:

cd /boot
/sbin/mkinitrd initrd-2.2.16-22jkl 2.2.16-22jkl

Then, I made a boot disk with new kernel just in case:

cd /boot
mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 2.2.16-22jkl

Then I ran:

/sbin/lilo -v

During kernel recompilation I was greatly helped by the
Kernel-HOWTO by Brian Ward
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/html_single/Kernel-HOWTO.html
(my local copy is here). I also used:
http://www.redhat.com/support/manuals/RHL-7-Manual/ref-guide/s1-sysadmin-build-kernel.html
and Jason Costomiris note on RedHat discussion list:
http://www.linuxarkivet.nu/mlists/redhat-list/0009/msg02713.html (local copy is here).

Oracle Installation
Then I prepared for Oracle install.

I did not do any reparitioning since my disk was already partitioned as:
# df -k
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda8 22487756 1592396 19753048 8% /
/dev/hda2 51238 3564 45028 8% /boot
/dev/hda1 7665648 2508928 5156720 33% /win

But obviously, if I was preparing a PC solely for Oracle, I would do
what they say in Installation Guide and created partitions.

Installing JDK1.1.8
Installed Java JDK1.1.8v3 for Linux from Blackdown taken from:
(you may want to right click on these links if you do not have bz2 MIME type set)
ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/linux/devel/lang/java/blackdown.org/JDK-1.1.8/i386/v3/jdk118_v3-glibc-2.1.3.tar.bz2.
Local copy is here.
I placed it in /tmp, and then unpacked it as:

cd /tmp
tar Ixvf jdk118_v3-glibc-2.1.3.tar.bz2
mv jdk118_v3 /usr/local
cd /usr/local
ln -s jdk118_v3 java

Updating RH7.0 glibc
Since Oracle8i is compiled with glibc2.1 and RH7.0 has glibc2.2,
there is a problem. There is a compatibility toolkit, though...
In needed it during installation.
Before you can actually install Oracle, you have to religiously apply
the glibc latest updates. In my case, I did:

ftp updates.redhat.com
Name: anonymous
Password: guest
binary
cd 7.0
cd i386
get glibc-common-2.2-12.i386.rpm
get glibc-devel-2.2-12.i386.rpm
get glibc-profile-2.2-12.i386
get nscd-2.2-12.i386.rpm
cd ../i686
get glibc-2.2-12.i686.rpm
quit
rpm -Uhv glibc* nscd*

Installing glibc2.1 toolkit
Now, you also need a tookit which will temporarily substitute glibc2.2 for
glibc2.1 during installation.

This is the instructions for installing the toolkit:
http://ftp.valinux.com/pub/support/hjl/glibc/sdk/2.1/readme.Oracle8i
(local copy is here).

The toolkit itself is here:
http://ftp.valinux.com/pub/support/hjl/glibc/sdk/2.1/i386-glibc-2.1-linux.tar.gz
Local copy is here.

I saved this patch in /tmp and then unpacked it as:

cd /
tar zxvf /tmp/i386-glibc-2.1-linux.tar.gz

Then I saved "official" RH7.0 gcc, cc, and ld and libraries, and
replaced them for the time of installation with the glibc2.1 stuff

cd /usr/bin
mkdir saved
mv gcc cc ld saved
ln -s /usr/i386-glibc-2.1-linux/bin/i386-glibc21-linux-gcc gcc
ln -s gcc cc
ln -s /usr/i386-glibc-2.1-linux/bin/i386-glibc21-linux-ld ld
cd /usr/lib
mkdir saved
mv libc.so libdl.so libm.so libpthread.so saved
mv libc.a libdl.a libm.a libpthread.a saved

Creating accounts and groups for Oracle
Then I created needed users and groups

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba,oper
passwd oracle

Removing traces of previous failed installs of Oracle
Since I had oracle installed before, I deleted all traces of it
namely:

rm -rf /u01
rm /etc/oratab
rm /etc/oraInst.loc

Note, if you have a running/needed/usefull installation of Oracle
on your system DO NOT DO THAT!!! Use Oracle GUI to do uninstall (the
same which you used to install -- it is described below).

Directories and Environment Varialbles
Created directory for Oracle Install:

mkdir /u01
chown oracle.dba /u01

Then I untarred my Oracle from my CD

cd /usr/src
mkdir -p oracle-dist/oracle-dist/8.1.7.0.1
cd oracle-dist/oracle-dist/8.1.7.0.1
tar tvf /mnt/cdrom/linux81701.tar

Then exited X-window desktop, logged out as root, logged in as oracle
and started X-window desktop (startx). I added the following to the
.bash_profile in /home/oracle (home) directory:

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JAVA_HOME

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_BASE}/product/8.1.7.0.1
export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=linux81701
export ORACLE_SID

PATH=${PATH}:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:${JAVA_HOME}:/bin
export PATH

if [ "${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}" == "" ]; then
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
else
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
fi
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/classes.zip
export CLASSPATH

Running Oracle Installer
Then I started Oracle install (as user oracle);

cd /usr/src/oracle-dist/8.1.7.0.1/Disk1
./runInstaller

The window appeared:

Welcome
with bunch of options.
I clicked on [Next]

File Locations
Accepted the defaults on next window (Source and Destination Paths) since
they came from myself (current directory and ORACLE_HOME environment
variable) by clicking [Next].

Unix Group Name
Unix Group Name: oinstall
Clicked [Next] and it asked me to execute a script:
/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/orainstRoot.sh
First, I checked the script for bugs... It looked fine to me.
I opened the xterm and

su -

and as a root

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1
./orainstRoot.sh

It told me:
Creating Oracle Inventory pointer file (/etc/oraInst.loc)
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.

I did not close the xterm since I will need it later on.
Then I clicked in the pop off window the [Retry] button.

It then came with available product information window:

Available Products
I selected Oracle8i Enterprise Edition 8.1.7.0.1 and clicked [Next]

Installation Types
Accepted default Typical Installation (837 MB) and clicked [Next]

Choose JDK Home Directory
Since there is so much fuzz about Oracle not liking new JDKs,
I accepted /usr/local/java which was a link to jdk118_v3 as described above.

Database Identification
Global Database Name: jkl.localhost.localdomain
SID linux817
and clicked [Next]

Summary
It displayed a bunch of products to be installed. Impressive.
I clicked on [Install]

Install
A window was displaying which was reporting installation progress.
You can get a cup of coffee made now, since it takes time.
After about 30 minutes it popped off the small window asking
to run /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.1./root.sh
as root.
I first opened the /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.1./root.sh
in editor, since my previous experience was that this script has
errors.
The script was wrong... It is actually two scripts merged together.
At line 63 we have:

$ECHO "IMPORTANT NOTE: Please delete any log and trace files previously"
$ECHO " created by the Oracle Enterprise Manager Intelligent"
$ECHO " Agent. These files may be found in the directories"
$ECHO " you use for storing other Net8 log and trace files."
$ECHO " If such files exist, the OEM IA may not restart."
#!/usr/bin/sh
#
# $Header
# $Copyright
#

Then at line 102 we have
RMF=/bin/rm -f

which is obviously wrong since "/bin/rm -f" should be quoted.

and finally, at line 156 we have:
RUID=`/usr/bin/id|$AWK -F$ '{print $2}'|$AWK -F$ '{print $1}`
which should obviously be:
RUID=`/usr/bin/id|$AWK -F$ '{print $2}'|$AWK -F$ '{print $1}'`

I corrected the script and ran, but frankly, I am not sure I should
have had.
I opened the the xterm, logged as root and did:

su -
/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/root.sh

It displayed:
IMPORTANT NOTE: Please delete any log and trace files previously
created by the Oracle Enterprise Manager Intelligent
Agent. These files may be found in the directories
you use for storing other Net8 log and trace files.
If such files exist, the OEM IA may not restart.
Running Oracle8 root.sh script...
\nThe following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1
ORACLE_SID= linux817

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

I entered Enter. It told me:

Entry will be added to the /etc/oratab file by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Then I clicked OK button in the small window, and the installation
continued...

It displayed the new window:
Configuration Tools
and was popping new windows for individual components to configure:
Net8 Configuration Assistant: Welcome
Selected Perform typical configuration and clicked [Next]
Database Creation Progress window (just showed progress).
v- Creating and starting Oracle instance
v- Copying database files
v- Initializing database
v- Database creation complete
Then it displayed the window:
Database creation completed.
Database Information:
global database name: jkl.localhost.localdomain
database system identifier (SID): linux817
SYS account password: change_on_install
SYSTEM account password: manager
I clicked OK button.
Then it started the Apache web server and displayed:
End of Installation
clicked [Exit] (do not do Next Install, or you will waste your current
install).

Restoring original RH 7.0 libraries and compiler/linker
I logged as a root on one of the xterms (su -)
and restored the glibc2.2 setting:

cd /usr/bin
rm -f gcc cc ld
cd /usr/bin/saved
mv * ..
cd ..
rm -rf saved

cd /usr/lib/saved
mv * ..
cd ..
rm -rf saved

Starting Oracle
I did
ps auwx | grep oracle > oracle_processes
I am including the list of processes here.

Then, it was time to test if the thing actually works.

cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus

It did not...

Enter user-name: sys
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

So I tried to start it:

svrmgrl
connect internal
startup
quit

But got:
[oracle@localhost 8.1.7.0.1]$ svrmgrl

Oracle Server Manager Release 3.1.7.0.0 - Production

Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production

SVRMGR> connect internal
Connected.
SVRMGR> startup
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/dbs/initlinux81701.ora'
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
SVRMGR>quit
Server Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost 8.1.7.0.1]$

So I looked for files *.ora starting from the top directory of Oracle:

cd /u01
find . -name '*.ora' -print

I got many answers but one was interesting:
./app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/dbs/initlinux817.ora
So I linked the initlinux817.ora to initlinux81701.ora

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/dbs
ln -s /u01/app/oracle/admin/jkl/pfile/initlinux817.ora initlinux81701.ora

and started again:

svrmgrl
connect internal
startup
quit

It then barked:

ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 72704160 bytes
Fixed Size 73888 bytes
Variable Size 55681024 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 172032 bytes
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
SVRMGR> quit

I rebooted the machine. Then logged in again as oracle.
Started x (startx) and typed:

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ svrmgrl
Oracle Server Manager Release 3.1.7.0.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1997, 1999, Oracle Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production
With the Partitioning option JServer Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production
SVRMGR> connect internal
Connected.
SVRMGR> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 72704160 bytes
Fixed Size 73888 bytes
Variable Size 55681024 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 172032 bytes
ORA-01990: error opening password
file '/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/dbs/orapw'
SVRMGR> quit

So again, I decided to look for the file

cd /u01
find . -name 'orapw' -print

But it did not find it. So I went to /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/dbs
and tried to find something like passwd file. There was the file orapwlinux817.
So I made a link

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7.0.1/dbs
ln -s orapwlinux817 orapw

and then at SVRMGR> prompt I typed
SVRMGR> shutdown
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SVRMGR> quit
Server Manager complete.

I logged out as oracle, and then logged in as oracle, to see
is something is still running. Nothing was running after log out
(beside, or course, the login shell).

So I tried to start it again:

svrmgrl
connect internal
startup
quit

No errors showed up, so I was more optimistic.

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ svrmgrl

Oracle Server Manager Release 3.1.7.0.0 - Production

Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production

SVRMGR> connect internal
Connected.
SVRMGR> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 72704160 bytes
Fixed Size 73888 bytes
Variable Size 55681024 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 172032 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SVRMGR> quit
Server Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost oracle]$

So I tried to log in:

sqlplus

It spew:

Worked for me this time:

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on Thu Feb 8 16:44:08 2001

Enter user-name: sys
Enter password: change_on_install

Connected to:
Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production

SQL> password
Changing password for SYS
Old password: change_on_install
New password: xxxxxxxx
Retype new password: xxxxxxxx

SQL> quit

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ svrmgrl

Oracle Server Manager Release 3.1.7.0.0 - Production

Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.0.1 - Production

SVRMGR> connect internal
Connected.
SVRMGR> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SVRMGR> quit
Server Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost oracle]$

What to do with Oracle once it is installed is another story.