two photon absorption cross section



Dear CCLers
 
I came accross some papers which calculate the two photon absorption cross
section of some organic molecules. Since I have not been involved in such kind
of calculations, I have some quastions about the subject.
 
a) are there any semiempirical or ab initio prograps which can carry out this task?
 
b) I saw that instead of calculating the TPA cross section through the
second order hyperpolarizability, there is a simplified _expression_ which gives an
estimate of the position and relative strength of TPA cross section.
                                      2      2
                                 M0k Mkn
                         __________________ 
                                              2
                       (Eok -Eon/2)   Γ       
 
In the above _expression_ M is transition dipole moment. The subscripts 0 and n refer to the initial and final states, while the subscript k refers to the intemediate virtual state. I understand how M0n can be calculated, but I do not see how Mok or Mkn  can be calculated
since the state k is not a real state.
 
It is obvious that I am missing something....
 
Thank in advance for your time