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.TH MIFF 5 "1 May 1994" "ImageMagick"
.SH NAME
MIFF - Magick Image File Format is a platform-independent format for
storing bitmap images.  MIFF is a part of the ImageMagick toolkit of
image manipulation utilities for the X Window System.  ImageMagick is
capable of converting many different image file formats to and from MIFF
(e.g. JPEG, XPM, TIFF, etc.).
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include 
.SH DESCRIPTION
A MIFF image file consist of two sections.  The first section is a
header composed of keywords describing the image in text form.  The
next section is the binary image data.  The header is separated from
the image data by a \fB:\fP character immediately followed by a
\fBnewline\fP.
.PP
The MIFF header is composed entirely of LATIN-1 characters.  The fields
in the header are keyword and value combination in the
\fIkeyword=value\fP format, with each keyword and value separated by an
equal sign (=).  Each \fIkeyword=value\fP combination is delimited by
at least one control or whitespace character.  Comments may appear in
the header section and are always delimited by braces.  The MIFF header
always ends with a colon (:) character, followed by a \fBnewline\fP
character.  It is also common for a \fBformfeed\fP and a \fBnewline\fP
character to appear before the colon. You can then list the image
keywords with \fImore(1)\fP, without printing the binary image that
follows the colon separator.
.PP
The following is a list of \fIkeyword=value\fP combinations that may be
found in a MIFF file:
.TP
.B "class=\fIDirectClass\fP"
.B "class=\fBPseudoClass\fP"
the type of binary image data stored in the MIFF file.  If
this keyword is not present, \fBDirectClass\fP image data is assumed.
.TP
.B "colors=\fIvalue\fP"
the number of colors in a \fBDirectClass\fP image. For a
\fBPseudoClass\fP image, this keyword specifies the size of the
colormap.  If this keyword is not present in the header, and the image
is \fBPseudoClass\fP, a linear 256 color grayscale colormap is used
with the image data.
.TP
.B "columns=\fIvalue\fP"
the width of the image in pixels.  This is a required keyword and
has no default.
.TP
.B "compression=\fBRunlengthEncoded\fP"
.B "compression=\fBZip\fP"
the type of algorithm used to compress the image data.  If this
keyword is not present, the image data is assumed to be uncompressed.
.TP
.B "delay \fI<1/100ths of a second>\fP"
the interframe delay in an image sequence.  The maximum delay is 65535.
.TP
.B "depth=\fB8\fP"
.B "depth=\fB16\fP"
the depth of a single color value representing values from 0 to 255
(depth 8) or 65535 (depth 16).  If this keyword is absent, a depth of 8 is
assumed.
.TP
.B "gamma=\fIvalue\fP"
the gamma of the image.  If it is not specified, a gamma of 1.0
(linear brightness response) is assumed,
.TP
.B "id=\fBImageMagick\fP"
identifies the file as a MIFF-format image file.  This keyword
is required and has no default.  Although this keyword can appear anywhere
in the header, it should start as the first keyword of the header in column
1.  This will allow programs like \fBfile\fP(1) to easily identify the file
as MIFF.
.TP
.B "label=\fI"value"\fP"
defines a short title or caption for the image.  If
any whitespace appears in the label, it must be enclosed within double
quotes.
.TP
.B "matte=\fBTrue\fP"
.B "matte=\fBFalse\fP"
specifies whether a \fBDirectClass\fP image has matte data.  Matte data
is generally useful for image compositing.  This keyword has no meaning
for pseudo-color images.
.TP
.B "montage=\fIx{\+-}{\+-}\fP
size and location of the individual tiles of a composite image.  See
\fBX(1)\fP for details about the geometry specification.
.PP
Use this keyword when the image is a composite of a number of different
tiles.  A tile consists of an image and optionally a border and a
label.  \fI\fP is the size in pixels of each individual tile in
the horizontal direction and \fI\fP is the size in the vertical
direction.  Each tile must have an equal number of pixels in width and
equal in height.  However, the width can differ from the height.  \fI\fP is the offset in number of pixels from the vertical edge of
the composite image where the first tile of a row begins and \fI\fP is the offset from the horizontal edge where the first tile
of a column begins.
.PP
If this keyword is specified, a directory of tile names must follow the
image header.  The format of the directory is explained below.
.TP
.B "packets=\fIvalue\fP"
the number of compressed color packets in the image data
section.  This keyword is optional for \fBRunlengthEncoded\fP
images, mandatory for \fBZip\fP images, and not used for
uncompressed image.
.TP
.B "rows=\fIvalue\fP"
the height of the image in pixels.  This is a required keyword
and has no default.
.TP
.B "scene=\fIvalue\fP"
the sequence number for this MIFF image file.  This optional
keyword is used when a MIFF image file is one in a sequence of files
used in an animation.
.TP
.B "signature=\fIvalue\fP"
this optional keyword contains a string that uniquely identifies
the image pixel contents.  RSA's Data Security MD5 Digest Algorithm is
recommended.
.PP
The following is a sample MIFF header.  In this example,  is a formfeed
character:
.PP
    id=ImageMagick
    class=PseudoClass  colors=256  signature=d79e1c308aa5bbcdeea8ed63df412da9
    compression=RunlengthEncoded  packets=27601
    columns=1280  rows=1024
    scene=1
    {
      Rendered via Dore by Sandi Tennyson.
    }
    
    :
.PP
Note that \fIkeyword=value\fP combinations may be separated by newlines or
spaces and may occur in any order within the header.  Comments (within
braces) may appear anywhere before the colon.
.PP
If you specify the \fBmontage\fP keyword in the header, follow
the header with a directory of image tiles.  This directory consists of
a name for each tile of the composite image separated by a
\fBnewline\fP character.  The list is terminated with a NULL character.
.PP
Following the header (or image directory if the \fBmontage\fP keyword
is in the header) is the binary image data itself.  How the image
data is formatted depends upon the class of the image as specified (or
not specified) by the value of the \fBclass\fP keyword in the header.
.PP
\fBDirectClass\fP images (class=DirectClass) are continuous-tone, RGB
images stored as intensity values in red-green-blue order.  Each color
value is one byte in size for an image depth of 8 and there are three bytes per
pixel (four with an optional matte value).  If the depth is 16, each
color value is two bytes with the most significant byte being first.
The total number of pixels in a \fBDirectClass\fP image is calculates
by multiplying the rows value by the column value in the header.
.PP
\fBPseudoClass\fP images (class=PseudoClass) are colormapped RGB
images.  The colormap is stored as a series of red-green-blue pixel
values, each value being a byte in size.  If the image depth is 16,
each colormap entry is two bytes with the most significant byte being
first. The number of colormap entries is indicated by the colors keyword
in the header, with a maximum of 65,535 total entries allowed.  The
colormap data occurs immediately following the header (or image directory
if the \fBmontage\fP keyword is in the header).
.PP
\fBPseudoClass\fP image data is an array of index values into the color
map.  If there are 256 or fewer colors in the image, each byte of image
data contains an index value.  If the image contains more than 256
colors or the depth is 16, the index value is stored as two contiguous
bytes with the most significant byte being first.  The total number of
pixels in a \fBPseudoClass\fP image is calculated by multiplying the
rows value by the columns value in the header.
.PP
The image data in a MIFF file may be uncompressed or may be compressed
using one of two algorithms.  The compression keyword in the header
indicates how the image data is compressed. The run-length encoding
(RLE) algorithm may be used to encode image data into packets of
compressed data.  For \fBDirectClass\fP images, runs of identical
pixels values (not BYTE values) are encoded into a series of four-byte
packets (five bytes if a matte value is included).  The first three
bytes of the packet contain the red, green, and blue values of the
pixel in the run.  The fourth byte contains the number of pixels in the
run.  This value is in the range of 0 to 255 and is one less than
the actual number of pixels in the run.  For example, a value of 127
indicates that there are 128 pixels in the run.
.PP
For \fBPseudoClass\fP images, the same RLE algorithm is used.  Runs of
identical index values are encoded into packets.  Each packet contains
the colormap index value followed by the number of index values in the
run.  The number of bytes \fIn\fB a \fBPseudoClass\fP RLE packet will be
either two or three, depending upon the size of the index values.  The
number of RLE packets stored in the file is specified by the packets
keyword in the header, but is not required.
.PP
Use Zip compression to achieve a greater compression ratio than run-length
encoding.  The number of compressed packets stored in the file is
specified by the packets keyword in the header.
.PP
MIFF files may contain more than one image.  Simply concatenate each
individual image (composed of a header and image data) into one file.
.SH SEE ALSO
.B
display(1), animate(1), import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1), more(1), compress(1)
.SH COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1997 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
.PP
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and
its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours
and Company not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company makes no representations
about the suitability of this software for any purpose.  It is provided
"as is" without express or implied warranty.
.PP
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all warranties with regard
TO this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness, in no event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be
liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether
in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising
out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.
.SH AUTHORS
John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Incorporated