My experience with SGI, Tomcat, and Apache, and IRIX 6.5

Disclaimer
I am Jan Labanowski (jkl@ccl.net) and what follows is my confession,
my deepest and darkest secrets... If you follow my footsteps you may
be doomed forever, so you agree to do it on your own, and do not sue
me, since you were warned.

Help me...
Please help me improve this document, correct errors, and just help.
I do not want you to suffer, like I did, so if you see something wrong,
just let me know. Please... Thanks...

The story...
This is a log of my of installation Apache/Tomcat DSO on some SGI machine
running IRIX:

% uname -a
IRIX64 voyager 6.5 01101245 IP27

which was not a first priority as maintenance is concerned.
I do not know IRIX at all, so your comments/corrections/improvements
to this document would be greatly appreciated. For me, the IRIX simply does not
work like it should (but it is probably my lack of experience) , and it seems
that open software community does not give a damn either, since many
packages just do not compile without a lot of massaging. For this reason, 
I was using installation packages as much as I could. 

This memo was originally written around Apr 17, 2001

The UNIX commands are in italic. It assumed that you will just grab them
with the mouse and paste them in your xterm...

Few terms:
  Apache -- the Web Server
  DSO -- Dynamic Shared Object (additional modules can be added/updated
         to Apache without the need to recompile the whole thing, similar
         to shared libraries, but DSO modules are not only called, but
         can also call routines within Apache)
         
  MM  -- memory management or something like that - an add-on to Apache
         and its modules to communicate via shared memory rather than files
         (faster). 

  SSL -- Secure Socket Layer - the encryption and certificate package which
         works with Apache

  Tomcat -- the Java Server Pages (JSP) and Servlet container which uses the
         Java Servlets spec 2.2, and the JSP spec 1.1.
         It is still being actively developed and has some "features".

You may want to read my FAQ on Tomcat 3.1 beta 1. since it will be
easier to follow this installation log. It is available at:
   https://server.ccl.net/cca/software/UNIX/apache/tomcat3.1b1-faq.html

Under This Link you will find copies of tardist 
and tar.gz files which are retrieved for this installation, unless they
are copyrighted/something/crypto-munition, and I am not allowed to share them
with you. Just right click on them and do "Save As".


Getting Java JDK
The default shell for root was tcsh (again, I am not the sysadmin of this box).
I changed it to sh by typing

 sh
.
default path for root was:
/usr/sbin:/usr/bsd:/sbin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/etc:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/express/bin/sg6
but there was a lot of strange links in /sbin and /usr/sbin like:
gcc was linked as /usr/sbin/gcc rather than /usr/bin/gcc, 
or /usr/sbin/gunzip rather than /usr/bin/gunzip, etc...
The regular development software was linked within /usr/sbin and /sbin
directories for some reason).
I had to rearrange the path. My path was:
 
  PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/freeware/bin:/usr/gnu/bin
  PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bsd:/sbin:/usr/bin/X11:
  PATH=${PATH}:/usr/express/bin/sg6
  export PATH

Then, I checked if I need Java:

   showprods | grep java

Java 1.2 is fine, you do not have to have 1.3. If you do not have Java
you need to get it from SGI Web site. To get it, you need to register
(unless you already did). To register, you need your SGI box serial
number.

1) My machine was Onyx2. To get serial number, you need to do:

      sysinfo -vv | cut -d" " -f2

   which prints something like:

      K0065abc

   
2) Go to a page: http://www.sgi.com/products/evaluation/6.x_java2_1.3/
   You may need to register to SurfZone (there is a link  there).
   Click on Install at the bottom. Then you will be sent to another page
   Where you will "ACCEPT" terms and conditions. On the next page
   you can either save the distribution to install it later swmgr or
   inst as I did (I right clicked on Install "java_eoe & java_dev"
   and chose "Save link as:" in /tmp/6.x_java2_eoedev_1.3.tardist) or you
   can just click with a left mouse button and swmgr will be called 
   automatically. Since I will be installing the thing on more machines
   it is nice to have a tardist file around rather then download it
   many times. 


3) Install Java as:

     mkdir /usr/freeware/java1.3
     cd /usr/freeware/java1.3   
     mv /tmp/6.x_java2_eoedev_1.3.tardist .
     tar xvf 6.x_java2_eoedev_1.3.tardist
     inst
        install *
        go
        quit  

   This should put the stuff in /usr/java (BTW, I hate the choice of location).
   Of course you can change the location with "inst -r target", but then
   your /var/inst is messed up. and does not know about it. It is convenient
   to have different versions of Java around, but SGI does not know about it.

4) Install other stuff (SSL and CRYPTO):
  I set the environment:

  JAVA_HOME=/usr/java
  export JAVA_HOME
  PATH=${PATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/bin
  export PATH

  CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/dt.jar
  export CLASSPATH

  Got jce-1_2_1.zip from SUN: http://www.javasoft.com/products/jce/
  and placed it in /usr/local/JCE

   cd /usr/local/JCE
   unzip jce-1_2_1.zip
   cp -p /usr/local/JCE/jce1.2.1/lib/*.jar ${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext
   CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext/jce1_2_1.jar
   export CLASSPATH

  Then edited ${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/security/java.security and added a line:

   security.provider.3=com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE

  after similar lines which were there.

  Got jsse-1_0_2-do.zip from SUN:  http://java.sun.com/products/jsse/
  and placed it in /usr/local/jsse.

   cd /usr/local/jsse
   unzip jsse-1_0_2-do.zip
   cp -p /usr/local/jsse/jsse1.0.2/lib/*jar $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext
   CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext/jcert.jar
   CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext/jnet.jar
   CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext/jsse.jar
   export CLASSPATH

  and edited $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/java.security and added a line:

   security.provider.4=com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Provider 


Installing important tools which I cannot live without...

Before you install anything, you check if you have it first, like

  showprods | grep something

and if this is not showing anything, maybe it was not installed via
swmgr/inst and you need to check it with a plain:

  which something

or

  whereis something

Note... All things below assume that I am running sh, with the above
PATH as a root. If you log out, you need to come back here,
log in as root, type sh, and set the PATH. The PATH in your case may not need
to be so strange, but in my case it has to since otherwise I would be accessing
some old stuff installed on this machine ages ago, which simply does not work.

When I looked into  the /usr/gnu/bin, the machine did not have basic
tools installed. i.e., no gmake, no gtar, etc...

I decided to place all the needed packages/executables in /usr/freeware
or in /usr/local/bin (this directory was not present on the machine).

The stuff which is compiled from source, I usually installed in /usr/local/xxx
while the freeware which was installed with "inst" was installed routinely
in /usr/freeware/bin, /usr/freeware/lib, /usr/freeware/include. So remember
look there for goodies. I also did not delete the distribution packages
or tar archives from the disk, since I may need them later, as I will be
installing this on another machine, and it is just easier to scp on local
network rather than download it from remote sites. 

Installing wget
I started from downloading the wget from 
ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/mirror/gnu/wget/ and
then installed it like:

   cd /usr/freeware/
   mkdir wget
   cd wget 
   ftp ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu
   Name: anonymous
   Login: jkl
     cd mirror/gnu/wget
     binary
     get wget-1.6.tar.gz 
     quit

Then, I unpacked it the old fashioned way (there was no gtar on the machine):

   cd /usr/freeware/wget
   gunzip wget-1.6.tar.gz
   tar xvf wget-1.6.tar 

Then I built the wget (a command line web retrieval utility) as:

   cd /usr/freeware/wget/wget-1.6
   ./configure
   make
   make install

which installed wget in /usr/local/bin and also created /usr/local/etc 

Installing Gnu Tar
From the ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/mirror/gnu/" (but you may
find closer mirror from http://www.gnu.org)
I retrieved tar-1.13.tar.gz.  Then I installed it as:

   mkdir /usr/freeware/gtar
   cd /usr/freeware/gtar
   gunzip tar-1.13.tar.gz
   tar xvf  tar-1.13.tar
   cd tar-1.13
   ./configure
   make
   make check
   make install

which put it in /usr/local/bin.

Installing gmake
Then I installed gmake:

   mkdir /usr/freeware/gmake
   cd /usr/freeware/gmake
   wget ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/mirror/gnu/make/make-3.79.1.tar.gz  
   tar zxvf make-3.79.1.tar.gz          # note, the GNU tar is in my path now
   cd make-3.79.1
   ./configure
   make
   make check
   make install

which installed make to /usr/local/bin.

Installing unzip
Then I installed unzip

   mkdir /usr/freeware/unzip
   cd /usr/freeware/unzip
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_unzip-5.40.tardist
   tar xvf fw_unzip-5.40.tardist
   inst  -f .
      instal *
      go
      quit


Installing emacs
Then I installed emacs, since this is my editor of choice.
I went to http://freeware.sgi.com/index-by-alpha.html and 
retrieved it:

   mkdir /usr/freeware/emacs
   cd /usr/freeware/emacs
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_xemacs-21.1.10.tardist
   tar xvf fw_xemacs-21.1.10.tardist
   inst -f .
     go

But it barked at me:

fw_xemacs.xemacs.eoe cannot be installed because of missing prerequisites:
  1a. Do not install fw_xemacs.xemacs.eoe (1236615220)
  1b. Also install fw_gdbm.sw.lib (1236359920 - 1239999900),
      fw_libjpeg.sw.lib (1235274920 - 1239999900), fw_libpng.sw.lib
      (1236359820 - 1239999900), fw_libxpm.sw.lib (1235275020 -
      1239999900), fw_libz.sw.lib (1235723320 - 1239999900) and
      fw_tiff.sw.lib (1235509620 - 1239999900) from an additional
      distribution -- insert another CD or specify another software
      distribution.

so I installed needed pieces:
gdbm  -- gnu UNIX database

   mkdir /usr/freeware/gdbm
   cd /usr/freeware/gdbm
   wget  http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_gdbm-1.8.0.tardist  
   tar xvf  fw_gdbm-1.8.0.tardist
   inst -f .
     go
     quit

libjpeg  -- library for JPEGs

   mkdir /usr/freeware/libjpeg
   cd /usr/freeware/libjpeg
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_libjpeg-6b.tardist
   tar xvf fw_libjpeg-6b.tardist
   inst -f .
     go
     quit

libxpm -- xpm images library

   mkdir /usr/freeware/libxpm
   cd /usr/freeware/libxpm
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_libxpm-3.4k.tardist
   tar xvf fw_libxpm-3.4k.tardist
   inst -f .
     go
     quit

libz -- compression library

   mkdir /usr/freeware/libz
   cd /usr/freeware/libz
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_libz-1.1.3.tardist
   tar xvf fw_libz-1.1.3.tardist
   inst -f .
      go
      quit

tiffutils -- TIFF image library

   mkdir /usr/freeware/tiffutils
   cd /usr/freeware/tiffutils
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_tiff-v3.4beta037.tardist
   tar xvf fw_tiff-v3.4beta037.tardist
   inst -f .
     go
     quit

libpng -- png image library

   mkdir /usr/freeware/libpng
   cd /usr/freeware/libpng
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_libpng-1.0.6.tardist
   tar xvf fw_libpng-1.0.6.tardist
   inst -f .
      go
      quit

and then tried again to install emacs

   cd /usr/freeware/emacs
   inst -f .
      go
      quit
   mkdir /usr/freeware/gnu-emacs
   cd /usr/freeware/gnu-emacs
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_gnu-emacs-20.7.tardist
   tar xvf fw_gnu-emacs-20.7.tardist
   inst -f .
     go
     quit


Installing SSH -- secure shell
I tried to install binary distribution of OpenSSH from
http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_openssh-2.3.0p1.tardist
but it needed many libraries... Since this is academic site, 
I could use the original ssh (if you are commercial, you cannot use it,
I believe, without paying).

   cd /usr/freeware
   mkdir ssh
   cd /usr/freeware/ssh
   wget ftp://ftp.sbs.de/pub/security/ssh/ssh-1.2.31.tar.gz
   tar zxvf ssh-1.2.31.tar.gz
   cd ssh-1.2.31
   ./configure
   make
   make install

It installs the ssh in /usr/local/bin, and sshd in /usr/local/sbin.

Then installed script run-sshd in /etc/init.d to make sshd (SSH demon)
start up at boot. To make it start sshd server daemon on boot, I linked
the script in /etc/rc2.d 

   cd /etc/init.d
   chmod 755 run-sshd
   cd /etc/rc2.d
   ln -s ../init.d/run-sshd  S98run-sshd


Installed latest zlib (compression routines)

   mkdir /usr/freeware/zlib
   cd /usr/freeware/zlib
   wget ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/zlib.tar.gz
   tar zxvf zlib.tar.gz
   cd zlib-1.1.3
   ./configure
   make
   make test
   make install

It installs libz in /usr/local/lib

Installed newer gcc
Installed new 2.95 gcc, since the current is old (2.8.1) 

   gcc --version

told me: 2.8.1

   mkdir /usr/freeware/gcc
   cd /usr/freeware/gcc
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_gcc-2.95.2-sgipl1.tardist
   tar xvf fw_gcc-2.95.2-sgipl1.tardist
   inst -f .
   go


Installed new openssl
OpenSSL (www.openssl.org) contains all needed routines to do SSL secure
sockets.

   mkdir /usr/freeware/openssl
   cd /usr/freeware/openssl
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_openssl-0.9.6.tardist
   tar xvf fw_openssl-0.9.6.tardist
   inst -f .
      go
      quit

It installed them in /usr/freeware/lib, /usr/freeware/bin,
/usr/freeware/include/openssl

Upgrading perl
The perl was old (5.004_04) so I got the newer one. 

   mkdir /usr/freeware/perl
   cd /usr/freeware/perl
   wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_perl-5.005_03.tardist
   tar xvf fw_perl-5.005_03.tardist
   inst -f .
     go
     quit


Installing Apache
I tried to install the latest stable Apache (1.3.19) from sources, but
it did not work. I was getting the error:

gcc -I/usr/freeware/apache-1.3.19/mm-1.1.3 -I./os/unix -I./include   \
   -DIRIX -DMOD_SSL=208102 -DUSE_HSREGEX -DEAPI -DEAPI_MM -DUSE_EXPAT \
   -I./lib/expat-lite -fpic -DSHARED_CORE `./apaci` \
   -L/usr/freeware/apache-1.3.19/mm-1.1.3/.libs   \
      -o libhttpd.ep -DSHARED_CORE_TIESTATIC main/http_main.c \
          -L. -lhttpd  -lmm
ld32: WARNING 84 : ./libhttpd.so is not used for resolving any symbol.
ld32: ERROR   33 : Unresolved text symbol "ap_main" -- 1st referenced by /var/tmp/ccBRwCce.o.
        Use linker option -v to see when and which objects, archives and dsos are loaded.  
ld32: ERROR   33 : Unresolved text symbol "ap_validate_password" -- 1st referenced by /var/tmp/ccBRwCce.o.
        Use linker option -v to see when and which objects, archives and dsos are loaded.  
ld32: ERROR   33 : Unresolved text symbol "XML_ErrorString" -- 1st referenced by /var/tmp/ccBRwCce.o.
        Use linker option -v to see when and which objects, archives and dsos are loaded.  
ld32: INFO    152: Output file removed because of error.
collect2: ld returned 2 exit status
make[2]: *** [libhttpd.ep] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/freeware/apache-1.3.19/apache_1.3.19/src'
make[1]: *** [build-std] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/freeware/apache-1.3.19/apache_1.3.19'
make: *** [build] Error 2

I pretty much have an idea what is the problem (the #define for IRIX is
probably missing), but I did not have time to chase this. It seems like
Apache team no longer supports IRIX 6.5, which is probably sensible
in view of latest SGI directions. I removed previous installation of
Apache.

  inst
     remove fw_apache
     go
     quit

and then installed 1.3.14 from freeware site:

  mkdir /usr/freeware/apache-1.3.14
  cd /usr/freeware/apache-1.3.14
  wget http://freeware.sgi.com/Dist/fw_apache-1.3.14.tardist
  tar xvf fw_apache-1.3.14.tardist
  inst -f .
    install *   # or step  and chose all "i" for install)
    go
    quit

This installed apache to /usr/freeware/apache. The directories are
  bin -- auxiliary programs: dbmmanage, htdigest, htpasswd
  etc -- config files and SSL certificates
  include -- the include files for apache if you want to compile additional
             modules
  libexec -- where the DSO modules are
  sbin -- apache binary, apxs script, and startup script apachectl
  share -- the web contents
  var -- log, cache files, pid file, etc.


Installing Tomcat 3.2.1

I downloaded needed binaries and sources of tomcat:

  mkdir /usr/freeware/jakarta-tomcat
  cd /usr/freeware/jakarta-tomcat
  wget http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat/release/v3.2.1/bin/jakarta-servletapi-3.2.tar.gz 
  wget http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat/release/v3.2.1/bin/jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1.tar.gz 
  tar zxvf jakarta-servletapi-3.2.tar.gz
  tar zxvf jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1.tar.gz
  wget http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat/release/v3.2.1/src/jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1-src.tar.gz 
  tar zxvf jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1-src.tar.gz

Then I edited jk_pool.h and added IRIX #define.

  cd /usr/freeware/jakarta-tomcat/jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1-src/src/native/jk

  edited jk_pool.h and and added around line 92

#elif defined(IRIX)
    typedef long long   jk_pool_atom_t;

Then I compiled mod_jk module for Apache:

   cd /usr/freeware/jakarta-tomcat/jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1-src/src/native/apache1.3
   JAVA_HOME=/usr/java
   export JAVA_HOME
   /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apxs -o mod_jk.so -DIRIX -I../jk \
     -I${JAVA_HOME}/include -I${JAVA_HOME}/include/irix -c *.c ../jk/*.c

   cp mod_jk.so /usr/freeware/apache/libexec

   cd /usr/freeware/jakarta-tomcat

Created a small file called my_env and made it executable:

    chmod 755 my_env

Whenever I wanted to refresh my environment (e.g., after logging out), I ran

  . my_env

Then I had to change server.xml for tomcat, since default apache came
with port 8080 and I would have port conflict.

  cd $TOMCAT_HOME
  cd conf
  mkdir orig
  cp -p * orig

Edited server.xml and changed port 8080 to 7080 in HTTP connector
Then I started tomcat standalone

  cd $TOMCAT_HOME/bin
  startup.sh

I checked if the URL:
   http://my.machine.edu:7080
works and executed few examples. It worked...
But this is not the way to do it, to execute tomcat as root!!! So I did

  cd $TOMCAT_HOME/bin
  shutdown.sh

Now... The tomcat should be some innocuous user which cannot do much
harm. But the Tomcat needs a shell, and cannot be a nobody.
I created user tomcat with uid and gid 60002
In /etc/group:

   tomcat:*:60002:

and in /etc/passwd

   tomcat:x:60002:60002:SVR4 tomcat uid:/usr/people/tomcat:/bin/sh

Then I also added tomcat to /etc/shadow file and set the password with

    passwd tomcat

Then, I created home directory for tomcat user:

    mkdir /usr/people/tomcat
    chown tomcat /usr/people/tomcat
    chgrp tomcat /usr/people/tomcat

Then, I changed ownership tomcat stuff to tomcat

   cd $TOMCAT_HOME
   chown -R tomcat .
   chgrp -R tomcat .

and in /usr/people/tomcat I placed the my_env file from above as: 
.profile:

   cp $JAKARTA_HOME/my_env /usr/people/tomcat/.profile
   chown tomcat /usr/people/tomcat/.profile
   chgrp tomcat /usr/people/tomcat/.profile


Then, I became tomcat and check if it starts OK under new identity: 

   su - tomcat
   cd $TOMCAT_HOME/bin
   ./startup.sh

It actually did.

Configuring the Apache/Tomcat ZOO...
Rather than giving you the step by step history of my editing files,
I will just include the final versions of the configuration files.
Before I actually messed with the files, I saved the originals:

   cd $TOMCAT_HOME/conf
   mkdir orig
   cp -p * orig
   cd /usr/freeware/apache/etc
   tar zxvf ../etc-orig.tgz .

My config files are given here:
   $TOMCAT_HOME/conf/mod_jk.conf

   $TOMCAT_HOME/conf/workers.properties
 
   $TOMCAT_HOME/conf/server.xml

   $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/startup.sh

   $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/tomcat.sh

   $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh

   $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/jspc.sh

   /usr/freeware/apache/etc/httpd.conf

Note that mod_jk.conf has the Tomcat contexts protected by id/password
with Apache Basic Authentication (look up the /examples for example).
To be able to access the servlets/JSPs you need to create two files:
/usr/freeware/apache/etc/htpasswd and /usr/freeware/apache/etc/htgroup
You need to read about it, but for testing you can get away with 
files which contain one line:

/usr/freeware/apache/etc/htpasswd contains a line:
guest:abvyhtC1vX8PI


and /usr/freeware/apache/etc/htgroup contains a line:
demo: guest

The abvyhtC1vX8PI is encrypted guest, i.e., to log in you enter guest
for User Id and Password.

I tried if things work by starting first the tomcat (as user tomcat, not 
a root!!!), and the apache as user root. 

   # I am root
   su - tomcat
   # I am tomcat
   $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/startup.sh
   exit
   # I am root again
   /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apachectl startssl

I tried my URLs

   http:/my.machine.edu:8080/examples    # tomcat stuff seen via apache HTTP
   https:/my.machine.edu/examples    # tomcat stuff seen via apache with HTTPS
   http:/my.machine.edu:7080/examples    # tomcat stuff seen directly HTTP

It worked, so I took the stuff down as:

   # I am root
   /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apachectl stop
   su - tomcat
   # I am tomcat
   $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
   exit
   # I am root again



Creating Certificates
To have a real certificate, go to one of the Certificate Authorities,
read their web site, pay them money, and you will have known.
Just to create home made, self signed certificates, I used the following
procedure.

Created a /usr/freeware/apache/etc/Makefile.
It uses openssl and some tricks to create selfsigned certificate for the
Apache Web Server. Then I used the file to create certificates as follows
(if make does not work for you, use gmake):

   RANDFILE=/var/adm/SYSLOG
   export RANDFILE
   cd /usr/freeware/apache/etc
   mdkir certificates-01.04.17:20:20
   mv ssl* certificates-01.04.17:20:20
   mkdir ssl.key
   mkdir ssl.csr
   mkdir ssl.crt
   make genkey   # will ask you for password
   # Then, you will need to "unpassword" the keys
   # or you would have problems to start apache at boot time (it would
   # ask for the password)
   openssl rsa -in ssl.key/server.key -out ssl.key/server.key.unsecure
   cp ssl.key/server.key.unsecure ssl.key/server.key
   make certreq   # make certificate request
   make testcert  # make selfsigned test certificate 

I have a screen dump here.
For new certificates to take effect you need to restart Apache. 

Tools to start/stop apache/tomcat combination
I created the apache-tomcat script which 
starts both Apache and Tomcat. It expects that there is user tomcat, and
that the tomcat.sh script (called by the startup.sh script) writes
a file which contains the PID (process Id number) of the tomcat process.
The tomcat.sh script takes it from the $! shell variable and dumps it to
the file. You need to edit the script and modify file locations, etc.
to suit your particular needs. You now can start the Apache Tomcat
combination by logging as root and:

   cd /usr/freeware/apache/sbin
   ./apache-tomcat start

and stop them by:

   cd /usr/freeware/apache/sbin
   ./apache-tomcat stop

Note... The apache-tomact script also redirects all stderr and stdout
to the file $TOMCAT_HOME/logs/t3.2_jk.. This is where you will see
all your debug output JSP when you do:

   System.out.println("myvar value is "+myvar);

or

   System.err.println("myvar value is "+myvar);

in your servlets or JSPs. When something does not work, always look at:

   $TOMCAT_HOME/logs/t3.2_jk

which in our case is:

   /usr/freeware/jakarta-tomcat/jakarta-tomcat-3.2.1/logs/t3.2_jk


Now, the problem with setup is that you have to be a root to start/stop
apache/tomcat combination. To make it possible to start/stop  apache/tomcat
by people without the need for logging as root, I created a setuid wrappers
for the apache-tomcat script, apache_start.c and apache_stop.c, 
respectively. You need to compile them:

   gcc -o apache_start apache_start.c
   gcc -o apache_stop apache_stop.c

which will result in two executables: apache_start and apache_stop to
be created. Now, typing:

   ./apache_start

to start apache/tomcat is equivalent to typing:

   ./apache-tomcat start 

Similarly, entering

   ./apache_stop

will stop apache/tomcat the same way the:

   ./apache-tomcat stop 

does. You still need to be a root to execute these wrapper commands.
But you can make them to execute as root by changing their ownership to root
and setting their SUID bit even when they were executed by a regular user.

  chown root apache_start apache_stop
  chgrp root apache_start apache_stop
  chmod ug+s apache_start apache_stop

Now, any mortal (i.e., anyone who can log in to the machine, i.e., the
"regular user") can start or stop the apache/tomcat combination by
executing /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apache_start and 
/usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apache_stop commands, respectively.
But maybe you do not want it? Maybe you want only a select group of
people to execute these commands? There are many ways to do it.
One, would be to modify the wrappers, to check if the user who
starts them belongs to a specific group or is on the list.
I used a simpler way. I put these commands in a special directory, which
is only accessible by root and group "tomcat". I also added the chosen
few to the group tomcat in the file /etc/group. The line there was:

   tomcat:*:60002:tomcat,kenf,jkl

i.e., the group consists of users tomcat, kenf, and jkl. Then I made the
following things:

   cd /usr/freeware/apache/sbin
   mkdir up-down
   chown root up-down
   chgrp tomcat up-down
   chmod 750 up-down
   mv apache_start apache_stop up-down

Now, when you are a chosen one, you start apache/tomcat by executing:

   /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/up-down/apache_start

and stop apache/tomcat by executing

   /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/up-down/apache_stop

Now, to save typing, you can make the links in directories which are
always in the PATH, say:

  cd /usr/bin
  ln -s /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/up-down/apache_stop apache_stop
  ln -s /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/up-down/apache_start apache_start

and then, the authorized people will be able to start and stop apache with:

   apache_start
   apache_stop

If you are not a member of group tomcat, you will not be allowed to access
anything under the up-down directory and it will bark:

   /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/up-down/apache_stop - Permission denied

To make sure that things run hapilly, you can always do:

    ps -ef | egrep 'httpd|tomcat'

To make it easier for people, I actually added a status option to
the apache-tomcat. I also created a wrapper around it apache_status.c
and compiled, and moved it to the up-down directory as described above for
the others, with a difference that it does not need to be SUID:

   cd /usr/freeware/apache/sbin
   gcc -o apache_status apache_status.c
   mv apache_status up-down
   cd /usr/bin
   ln -s /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/up-down/apache_status apache_status
   
So now to check if Apache and Tomcat is running, you can do:

   /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apache-tomcat status

or, if you are a chosen one among the group tomcat (or a root):

  apache_status


Now, you need to make these things start at boot time. This will make it.
case 1) 

      ls -l /etc/init.d/apache

   tells you that there is apache startup/shutdown script in init.d. You do:

      cd /etc/init.d
      mv apache apache-freeware-original
      cp /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apache-tomcat apache

case 2)
   There is no /etc/init.d/apache file. You need to make also links:

     cd /etc/init.d
     cp /usr/freeware/apache/sbin/apache-tomcat apache
     cd /etc/rc2.d
     ln -s ../apache S90apache
     


Now, the appeals to those  of you who got to the end. Please help me
keep this useful. Please send comments, and especially bug reports,
or corrections to: jkl@ccl.net . Thanks...